1776 ID’D REVOLUTIONARY WAR SOLDIER DIARY BATTLE NEW YORK FOR FLYING CAMP vafo

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1776 ID’D REVOLUTIONARY WAR SOLDIER DIARY BATTLE NEW YORK FOR FLYING CAMP vafo:
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The men recruited for the Flying Camp were to be militiamen from three colonies: 6000 from Pennsylvania,3400 from Maryland,and 600 from Delaware.They were to serve until December 1, 1776, unless discharged sooner by Congress,and to be paid and fed in the same manner as regular soldiers of the ContinentalArmy.

Congress appropriated $38,500 (in Spanish Dollars at 7s 6d [shillings andpence] per paper Continental dollar) for the Regiments’ support. The pay rateper month was dictated by Congress: Colonel 450s, Lt. Colonel 400s, Major 350s,Captains 300s, Lieutenants 200s, Ensigns 160s, Sergeants 90s, Corporals 60s,and Privates 50s. Mounted dragoons, artillerymen, and militia serving outsidetheir state received a 2s 6d bonus.

Brigadier-General Hugh Mercer of Virginia wascommissioned as its commandant. Samuel Patterson (a miller from ChristianaBridge, Delaware) was appointed its battalion colonel. The town of ChristianaBridge is located on Old Kings Road, which was one of the first major inlandroutes in the colonies between Baltimore, MD in the South, and Philadelphia,PA, in the North. The Flying camp was to be composed of troops from Maryland,Pennsylvania, and Delaware for the immediate defense of New Jersey while theMain Army focused on the defense of New York. No such numbers were everrealized for this purpose, the total being under 6,000, but Maryland and tinyDelaware seemingly managed to fulfill their quotas. Delaware was assigned to provide600 men from among those it had already recruited for one year, and the unitwas to be \"engaged to the first day of December next [1776].\"Pennsylvania sent some 2,000 men, many of whom were quickly drafted into otherservice by Washington in New York. (Volo and Volo)

Flying Camp Battalions

A list of the Flying Camp Battalions initially formed in Delaware, Maryland,and Pennsylvania in 1776 includes (Miller):

Delaware: 1st Battalion Flying Camp (Haslet’s)
Maryland: 1st Regiment Flying Camp (Smallwood’s)
Maryland: Flying Camp Regiment (Ewing\'s)
Maryland: Flying Camp Regiment (Griffith\'s)
Maryland: Flying Camp Regiment (Richardson\'s)
Pennsylvania: 1st Regiment Flying Camp (Swope\'s)
Pennsylvania: 1st Regiment Flying Camp of Lancaster County
Pennsylvania: 2d Regiment Flying Camp (McAllister’s)
Pennsylvania: Baxter\'s Battalion Flying Camp
Pennsylvania: Clotz\' Battalion Flying Camp, Lancaster County
Pennsylvania: Haller\'s Battalion Flying Camp
Pennsylvania: Watt\'s Regiment Flying Camp

A further Maryland and Virginia Rifle Regiment (of the Flying Camp) wasauthorized June 17, 1776 but was assigned to the Main Army. The Regiment was toconsist of the three existing companies, two from Maryland and one fromVirginia, plus two new companies to be raised in Maryland, and four newcompanies to be raised in Virginia. Captain Daniel Morgan’s company enlisted in(West) Virginia was the first from the South to reach the field. A GermanBattalion unofficially referred to as the 8th Maryland Regiment composed ofeight companies from Pennsylvania and Maryland was also enlisted. SeveralMaryland militia companies were mustered into service and attached to the 400that made up the Maryland Line (1st Maryland Regiment) and was ordered to NewYork, on July 4, 1776. There the Marylanders and those from Delaware took partin the fight at Brooklyn Heights. This was their baptism of fire in the war anda very costly battle for them as well. The soldiers from tiny Delaware,fighting alongside the 1st Maryland Regiment, may well have prevented thecapture of the majority of Washington\'s army, an event that might have endedthe colonial rebellion then and there. Some 300 of the 400 men from Marylanddied, along with 31 of the men from Delaware. The British buried the dead in amass grave consisting of six trenches in a farm field. Ultimately, of theoriginal Maryland muster, 96 returned, with only 35 fit for immediate duty.Historian, Thomas Field, writing in 1869, called the stand of these troops “anhour more precious to liberty than any other in history.” (Field)

Swope’s and McAllister’s Pennsylvanians were mostly made prisoner at thefall of Fort Washington. The remainder of the Pennsylvania Flying Camp marchedhome. Despite the best efforts of Gen. Mercer, the flying camp was fraught withdifficulties almost from its inception, and never realizing its full potential.Colonel Patterson tallied the number of men remaining during the retreat acrossNew Jersey at 461 (officers included) when the Flying Camp battalion arrived atPerth Amboy on 5 October, and at 480 of all ranks five days later. It wasdisbanded by the end of November. (Volo & Volo)

The Flying Camp was an early and short-lived experiment with the concept ofExtra Continental regiments, a \"national\" rather than a \"confederate\"force, which was to be distinct as having formed without any administrativeconnection to any individual state. Sixteen additional Continental regimentswere approved by Congress as a separate group on December 27, 1776,specifically in response to a request from Washington for more troops otherthan mere militia, and Congress expressly delegated the formation of theseregulars directly to him. All Additional Continental regiments were organizedin the spring and summer of 1777. In contrast to both the Extra and Additionalregiments, all other infantry regiments of the army were organized andsupported under the direct authority of individual state governments.

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