1783 Elements of Psychology Campe German Enlightenment Teaching Philanthropinism

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1783 Elements of Psychology Campe German Enlightenment Teaching Philanthropinism:
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1783 Elements of Psychology Campe GermanEnlightenment Teaching Philanthropinism

Joachim Heinrich Campe (1746 –1818) was aGerman writer, linguist, educator and publisher. He was a major representativeof philanthropinism and the German Enlightenment.

Main author: J H Campe

Title: Élémens de psycologie, ou Lec̜ons élémentaires sur l\'ame

Published: Hambourg : Jean Guillaume Virchaux,1783.

Language: French

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Binding:tight & secure leather binding

Pages:complete with all 208 pages; plus indexes, prefaces, and such

Illustrations:6 plates

Publisher:Hambourg : Jean Guillaume Virchaux, 1783.

Size: ~7.75inX 4.75in (19.5cm x 12cm)

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Joachim Heinrich Campe (June 29, 1746 – October 22, 1818)was a German writer, linguist, educator and publisher. He was a majorrepresentative of philanthropinism and the German Enlightenment.

Contents [hide]

1 Life

2 Campe asa Children\'s Writer

3 Languagepurism

4 Works

5 Worksfor Children and Young Adults

6 EnglishTranslations of Some Works

7 References

8 Externallinks

Life[edit]

Born to the merchant Burchard Hilmar Campe and thepreacher\'s daughter Anna Margaretha Campe (née Gosler) on 29 June 1746, Campegrew up in the village of Deensen in Lower Saxony. After visiting the conventschool in nearby Holzminden from 1760 to 1765,[1] he was granted a scholarshipand went to study Protestant theology in Helmstedt. His support for his teacherWilhelm Abraham Teller, whose ideas on an enlightened Christianity werecriticised by orthodox theologians, cost Campe his scholarship.[2] He then leftHelmstedt and continued his studies of theology in Halle, where he went tolectures of another critical theologian, Johann Salomo Semler.[3]

After his studies, Campe moved to Berlin as a private tutorto the Humboldt family. After being a preacher in Potsdam in 1773 and havingbeen given the task of creating an education programme for the Prussian crownprince, he returned to Tegel and briefly tutored Alexander and Wilhelm vonHumboldt,[4] who both stayed in contact with him afterwards. On request ofFranz, Duke of Dessau, he joined Johann Bernhard Basedow\'s Philanthropinum,[4]a teaching institute in Dessau. Because of a disagreement, Campe left before ayear was up and went to Hamburg, where he started his own teaching institutebased on a family model. Next to tutoring he was active as a writer andpublished several works for children. His Robinson der Jüngere was published in1779/80 and the trilogy Die Entdeckung von Amerika followed in 1781/82. Anotherproduct of this time was the Allgemeine Revision des gesammten Schul- undErziehungswesens (1785-1791), a 16-volume work edited by Campe which aimed atbeing the most complete and sophisticated standard work of educationalliterature.[5] Among other texts it contains annotated translations of JohnLocke’s Some Thoughts Concerning Education (1693) and Jean-Jacques Rousseau’sEmile, or On Education (1762).[6] After four years Campe handed his teachinginstitute over to Ernst Christian Trapp to dedicate more of his time towriting.[4] In 1786 he was called to Braunschweig by Charles William Ferdinand,Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, to reform the Braunschweig school system alongwith Trapp and Johann Stuve. Although his proposals were defeated throughconservative opposition, he stayed and in 1787 founded his own publishinghouse, the Braunschweigische Schulbuchhandlung.[4][7] Especially because ofCampe’s own works, the Schulbuchhandlung became economically very successful,and in 1808 he handed it over to his son-in-law, Friedrich Vieweg.[6]

Intrigued by the political movements in France in 1789,Campe and his former pupil Wilhelm von Humboldt travelled to Paris. Campewitnessed the session of the assemblée nationale during which a majorityverdict withdrew the privileges from the aristocratic and clerical estates.However, his sympathy for the French Revolution and his being granted honoraryFrench citizenship in 1792 — along with, among others, George Washington andFriedrich Schiller — was not welcomed by many at home.[8]

In his last years, Campe devoted his time to the Germanlanguage. His language purism is evident in for instance finding German termsfor loanwords and the compilation of a German dictionary. For some thislinguistic enterprise relates to Campe’s wish to enlighten the people andchange society by focusing on words that the common people would understand;[9]other biographers see the focus on the German language as a patriotic endeavour.[6][10]

He died, aged 72, in Braunschweig on 22 October 1818.

Campe as a Children\'s Writer[edit]

Campe is counted among the founding fathers of the moderngenre of intentional or specific children’s and youth literature, along withthe writers Christian Felix Weiße and Christian Gotthilf Salzmann.[11] Hecreated a series of works for children and adolescents that were each supposedto be educational, pleasant and directed at a specific age group.[12] Hispublications ranged from alphabet books to a collection of translated and owntravelogues and guidance or conduct books for boys and girls.

Probably his best-known work is his Robinson der Jüngere(1779/80), a free adaptation of Daniel Defoe’s Robinson Crusoe (1719) based onRousseau’s suggestions in his Émile.[13] For Reinhard Stach, Robinson wasCampe’s fate,[14] while for Winfred Kaminski it presents the peak ofphilanthropinist pedagogy.[15] It was translated into English as Robinson theYounger in 1781/82 and other European languages. After Robinson, Campepublished Die Entdeckung von Amerika (1781/82) which both marked the transitionfrom children‘s to youth literature while at the same time helping to defineyouth literature as a genre.[16]

Language purism[edit]

[citation needed]

Campe developed approx. 11,500 translations for foreignwords, of which about 300 survived. They include:

altertümlich (for antik)

Erdgeschoss (Parterre)

Esslust (Appetit)

Feingefühl (Takt)

fortschrittlich (progressiv)

herkömmlich (konventionell)

Hochschule (Universität)

Lehrgang (Kursus)

Randbemerkung (Glosse)

Streitgespräch (Debatte)

tatsächlich (faktisch)

Voraussage (Prophezeiung)

Wust (Chaos)

Zerrbild (Karikatur)

Among the translations that did not survive are:

Zwangsgläubiger (Katholik)

Freigläubiger (Protestant)

Heiltümelei (Reliquie)

Menschenschlachter (Soldat)

Meuchelpuffer (Pistole)

Works[edit]

Philosophische Gespräche über die unmittelbareBekanntmachung der Religion und über einige unzulängliche Beweisarten derselben(1773)

Allgemeine Revision des gesamten Schul- und Erziehungswesensvon einer Gesellschaft praktischer Erzieher (1785-1792)

Briefe aus Paris (1790)

Geschichte der französischen Staatsumwälzung (1792)

Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache (1807 ff.)

Works for Children and Young Adults[edit]

Kleine Kinderbibliothek (1779-1784)

Robinson der Jüngere (1779/80)

Kleine Seelenlehre für Kinder (1780)

Die Entdeckung von Amerika (1781/82)

Theophron oder Der erfahrne Rathgeber für die unerfahrneJugend (1783)

Erste Sammlung interessanter und durchgängig zweckmäßigabgefasster Reisebeschreibungen für die Jugend (1785-1793, 12 volumes)

Väterlicher Rath für meine Tochter. Ein Gegenstück zumTheophron, der erwachsenen weiblichen Jugend gewidmet (1789)

Neue Sammlung merkwürdiger Reisebeschreibungen für dieJugend (1802-1806, 7 volumes)