1950 \"EL AL\" Israel AIRLINER Passover HAGGADAH SCROLL w/BOX TUBE Hebrew JUDAICA
![1950 \](img-large/g/yCQAAOSwbYZXdkfb/s-l1600/1950-EL-AL-Israel-AIRLINER-Passover-HAGGADAH-SCROL.jpg "1950 \")
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1950 \"EL AL\" Israel AIRLINER Passover HAGGADAH SCROLL w/BOX TUBE Hebrew JUDAICA:
$149.00
DESCRIPTION : Up for sale is a RARE \"EL AL\" related artifact , It\'s an original \"EL AL\" HAGGADAH SCROLL which was created and distributed or sold to \"EL AL\" passangers and friendsin the 1950\'s up to the 1960\'s . The HAGGADAH SCROLL is rolled inside its original ILLUSTRATED TUBE which carries \"EL AL\" old LOGO and \"EL AL\" writing in Hebrew and English. Both the Haggadah and the illustrated BOX - TUBE were designed by DAVID GILBOA who is also responsible to the HEBREW CALLIGRAPHY. The HAGGADAH is written in HEBREW with English captures. The collorful illustrations as well as the hand calligraphy were created by the Jewish Israeli artist DAVID GILBOA . The BOX-TUBE size is around 12\" , Diameter 2.5\" . The scroll is around 9\" x 140\" ( 350 cm ). Very good used condition. Very slight wear of BOX - TUBE and scroll extreme ends.( Pls look at scan for accurate AS IS images )Will be sent inside a protective rigid envelope . PAYMENTS : Payment method accepted : Paypal .SHIPPMENT : SHIPP worldwide via registered airmail is $ 18 .Haggadah\'s will be sent inside a protective envelope . Will be sent within 3-5 days after payment . Kindly note that duration of Int\'l registered airmail is around 14 days
El Al Israel Airlines Ltd(TASE: ELAL),[1]trading asEl Al(Hebrew:אל על, \"To The Skies\" or \"Skywards\",Arabic:إل عال), is theFlag carrierofIsrael.[2][3]Since its inaugural flight fromGenevatoTel Avivin September 1948, the airline has grown to serve some 45 destinations, operating scheduled domestic and international services and cargo flights toEurope,North America,Africaand theNearandFar Eastfrom its main base inBen Gurion International Airport.[4] El Al in principle offers onlykosherin-flight mealsand does not fly passengers on the JewishSabbathor religious holidays.[5][6]It is the only commercial airline to equip its planes with missile defense systems, and is considered one of the world\'s most secure airlines, thanks to its stringent security procedures, both on the ground and on board its aircraft.[7][8]Although it has been the target of many attempted hijackings and terror attacks, onlyone El Al flighthas ever been hijacked.[9][10]As Israel\'s national airline, El Al has played an important role in humanitarian rescue efforts, airlifting Jews from other countries to Israel, setting the world record for the most passengers on a commercial aircraft (single plane record of 1,122 passengers) byOperation Solomonwhen 14,500 Jewish refugees were transported fromEthiopiain 1991.[11][12] In 2012, El Al operated an all-Boeingfleet of 38 aircraft, flying over 4 million passengers, and employed a staff of 6,056 globally. The company\'s revenues for 2011 grew to $2.4 billion, totalling losses of $49.4 million compared to a profit of $57 million in 2010.[13] Contents[hide] 1 History 1.1 Early years 1.2 Expansion in the 1960s 1.3 Late 1960s hijacking attempts 1.4 The 1970s and 1980s 1.5 1990s 1.6 21st century 2 Company affairs and identity 2.1 Headquarters 2.2 Operations 2.3 Business trends 2.4 Subsidiaries 3 Security 3.1 Onboard missile defense systems 3.2 Airport security measures 3.3 Flight security measures 4 Controversies 4.1 Security controversy and passenger profiling 4.2 Excess baggage fee controversy 4.3 Treatment of female passengers 4.4 Other incidents 5 Up 6 Destinations 6.1 Codesharing 7 Fleet 7.1 Current fleet 7.2 Historic fleet 7.3 Livery 8 Services 8.1 Frequent flyer program 8.2 Lounge 9 Accidents and incidents 10 Notable El Al employees 10.1 Pilots 10.2 Flight attendants 11 See also 12 Notes 13 References 14 External links History[edit] Early years[edit] An El AlLockheed Constellation(1951) In September 1948, Israel\'s firstpresident,Chaim Weizmann, attended a conference inGeneva, Switzerland. Weizmann was scheduled to fly back to Israel in an Israeli government aircraft, but due to an embargo imposed on Israel at the time, this was not possible. An IsraeliC-54military transport aircraft was instead converted into a civilian plane to transport Weizmann home. The aircraft was painted with the logo of the \"El Al/Israel National Aviation Company\" and fitted with extra fuel tanks to enable a non-stop flight from Geneva to Israel. It departed fromEkron Air Baseon 28 September, and returned to Israel the next day. After the flight, the aircraft was repainted and returned to military use.[14] The airline was incorporated and became Israel\'s national Flag carrier on 15 November 1948, although it used leased aircraft until February 1949, when two unpressurizedDC-4swere purchased fromAmerican Airlines. The acquisition was funded by thegovernment of Israel, theJewish Agency, and other Jewish organizations. The first plane arrived at Lod Airport (later renamed Ben Gurion) on 3 April 1949. Aryeh Pincus, a lawyer from South Africa, was elected head of the company. The first international flight, from Tel Aviv to Paris, with a refueling in Rome, took place on 31 July 1949.[14][15]By the end of 1949, the airline had flown passengers toLondonandJohannesburg. A regular service to London was inaugurated in the middle of 1950. Later that year, El Al acquired Universal Airways, which was owned by South African Zionists. A state-run domestic airline,Israel Inland Airlines, was founded in which El Al had a 50% stake.[when?][14] Curtiss Commando freight aircraft of El Al El Al\'s cargo service was inaugurated in 1950 and initially relied on military surplusCurtiss C-46 Commandoaircraft. The same aircraft type was used also for passengers transportation in certain routes.[citation needed]The same year the airline initiated charter services to the United States, followed by scheduled flights soon afterwards.[14] From its earliest days the operation of the airline in keeping with Jewish tradition has been a source of friction; when the Israeli prime ministerDavid Ben-Gurionwas forming his first coalition, the religious parties would not join unless Ben-Gurion promised that El Al would serve onlykosherfood on its flights and would not fly on theJewish Sabbath.[16] Kurdish Jewish Immigrants from Iraq leavingLod Airport(1951) Bristol Britanniaof El Al at Farnborough Airport in 1957 just before delivery to the airline The airline was involved in several covert operations: In the early 1950s, El Al airlifted over 160,000 immigrants to Israel fromIndia,Iran,IraqandYemenas part ofOperation Magic CarpetandOperation Ezra and Nehemiah.[17]In 1960,Naziwar criminalAdolf Eichmannwas captured and flown from Argentina to Israel on an El Al aircraft.[18] In 1955, after usingLockheed Constellationsfor several years, the airline purchased twoBristol Britanniaaircraft. El Al was the second airline in the world to fly this plane, after theBritish Overseas Airways Corporation. In 1958, El Al ran a newspaper advertisement in the United States featuring a picture of a \"shrunken\" Atlantic Ocean (\"Starting Dec. 23, the Atlantic Ocean will be 20% smaller\") to promote its non-stoptransatlantic flights.[19]This was a bold step: the airline industry had never used images of the ocean in its advertising because of the widespread public fear of airline crashes. The advertisement, which ran only once, proved effective. Within a year, El Al\'s sales tripled.[20] Expansion in the 1960s[edit] An El AlBoeing 720being serviced atLondon Heathrow Airportin 1964. Despite the purchase of its Britannias and inauguration of non-stop transatlantic flights the airline remained unprofitable.[14][further explanation needed]When Efraim Ben-Arzi took over the company in the late 1950s, the Britannias were replaced in the next decade by theBoeing 707andBoeing 720jet airliners. An El AlBoeing 707atOrly Airport,Paris(1965) The first year that El Al turned a profit was 1960. That year, more than 50 percent of the passengers flying into Israel arrived on El Al flights.[14]On 15 June 1961, the airline set a world record for thelongest non-stop commercial flight: an El AlBoeing 707flew from New York to Tel Aviv, covering 5,760 miles (9,270km) in 9 hours and 33 minutes.[17]By this time, El Al was carrying 56,000 passengers a year—on a par withQantasand ahead of established airlines likeLoftleiðir. In 1961, El Al ranked 35th in the world in accumulated passenger distance.[21]El Al\'s success continued into the late 1960s. In 1968, regular flights toBucharestwere inaugurated, and cargo flights began to Europe and the United States. The airline also established a catering subsidiary, Teshet Tourism and Aviation Services Ltd. All these ventures brought in a profit of $2 million that year.[14] Late 1960s hijacking attempts[edit] See also:El Al Flight 426 hijacking In 1968, El Al experienced the first of many acts of terrorism that have been perpetrated against the airline. On 23 July, the only successful hijacking of an El Al aircraft took place, when a Boeing 707 carrying 10 crew and 38 passengers was taken over by three members of thePopular Front for the Liberation of Palestine(PFLP). The aircraft,El Al Flight 426, which was en route from Rome to Tel Aviv, was diverted toAlgiersby the hijackers. Negotiations with the hijackers lasted for 40 days. Both the hijackers and the passengers, including 21 Israeli hostages, were eventually freed.[22]The hijackers were said to have believed Israeli General Ariel Sharon was on the flight.[23]According to Sarah Levy, it was the Lubavitcher Rebbe, RabbiMenachem Mendel Schneersonwho saved Sharon\'s life, by advising him the night before to take a different flight.[24]On 26 December of the same year, two PFLP members attacked an El Al aircraft atAthens International Airport, killing an Israeli mechanic.[25]TheIsraeli Defense Forcesresponded to the incident on 29 December, with anight-time raidon Lebanon\'sBeirut Airport, destroying 14 planes on the ground belonging toMiddle East Airlines,Trans Mediterranean AirwaysandLebanese International Airways.[26]The military action was responsible for the demise of the LIA, which had most of its fleet destroyed.[citation needed] On 18 February 1969, Palestinians attacked an El Al plane atZurich Airportkilling the copilot and injuring the pilot. One Palestinian attacker was killed and others were convicted but later released. Between September and December of that year, bomb and grenade attacks occurred at El Al offices inAthens,West Berlin, andBrussels.[27]This wave of violence culminated in the failed hijacking of an El Al 707 byPatrick ArguelloandLeila Khaledon 6 September 1970, as part of theDawson\'s Field hijackings.[28] The 1970s and 1980s[edit] Revenue Passenger-Kilometers, scheduled flights only, in millions Year Traffic 1950 50 1955 138 1960 413 1965 1331 1969 2070 1971 3027 1980 4590 1985 6507 1995 11287 2000 14125 Source: ICAO Digest of Statistics for 1950-55, IATA World Air Transport Statistics 1960-2000 An El AlBoeing 707-300Blanding atZürich Airport,Switzerland(1982) An El AlBoeing 767-200on short final toLondon Heathrow Airportin 1985 El Al acquired its firstBoeing 747in 1971. Many[who?]felt it was a risky purchase given the high cost of the plane and fear of attacks, but El Al operations flourished after the purchase. Another 747 was delivered in 1973 and was used to start non-stop service from Tel Aviv to New York (707s had flown the eastward nonstop since around 1961). In the mid-1970s El Al began to schedule flights from airports outside of Israel that departed on theJewish sabbathand landed in Israel after it had finished. The religious parties in the government were in arms over this, being that this was a violation of Jewish law and contrary to the agreement signed in the early days of the state, in which El Al promised to refrain from flying on the sabbath. In 1982 the newly re-elected prime ministerMenachem Begin, brought before the Knesset a vote to ban Sabbath flights once again (it passed by a vote of 58 to 54).[29]Outraged, the secular community threatened to boycott the airline. In August 1982 El Al workers blockedOrthodoxandHassidicJews from entering the airport.[16] In 1977 El Al established a charter subsidiary, El Al Charter Services Ltd., later renamedSun D\'Or International Airlines Ltd. Two years earlier the airline had suffered its first losses since the late 1950s, largely a product of the global recession. The management changed three times towards the end of the 1970s, until Itzhak Shander was named president.[clarification needed]As the political situation in Iran deteriorated, El Al began to airlift Jews to Israel. All the airline\'s infrastructure in Iran was eventually destroyed.[14]El Al flights toCairowere inaugurated in April 1980, following theIsrael–Egypt Peace Treaty.[17]In late 1982, after a long period of labor disputes and strikes, El Al operations were suspended. The government appointed Amram Blum to run the company, which lost $123.3 million in the fiscal year ending April 1983.[14][clarification needed]The airline also sold its stake in Arkia at this time.[30] Operations resumed in January 1983 underreceivership. The government purchased two newBoeing 737aircraft and announced plans to acquire fourBoeing 767jets at the cost of $200 million. Within four years, El Al was profitable again.[14]It broke another record, since then surpassed, in May 1988 with a non-stop flight from Los Angeles to Tel Aviv, a journey of 7,000 nautical miles (13,000km) in 13 hours and 41 minutes.[17][clarification needed]Flights to Poland and Yugoslavia were inaugurated in 1989.[14] 1990s[edit] In January 1990,North American Airlinesbegan providingfeeder servicesto El Al\'s US destinations. El Al held a 24.9 percent stake in the airline until selling it back to Dan McKinnon in July 2003. By this time, El Al was operating a fleet of 20 aircraft, including nine Boeing 747s, and had begun replacing its aging Boeing 707s with theBoeing 757. Early that year, following thecollapseof theSoviet Union, El Al inaugurated regular flights to Moscow. Noairliftsfrom the former Soviet Union were possible at the time but permission was granted in 1991. Charter flights commenced in August 1991, withimmigrantsalso occupying all available seats on El Al\'s scheduled routes. In cooperation withAeroflot, El Al flew more than 400,000 Jewish immigrants to Israel within a three-year period. El Al helped with the airlifting ofEthiopian immigrantsfromEthiopiaduringOperation Solomonin 1991. On 24 May 1991, an El Al Boeing 747 cargo plane airlifted a record-breaking 1,087Ethiopian JewsfromAddis Ababato Israel in the framework ofOperation Solomon. Three babies were born during the flight. The plane carried twice as many passengers as it was designed for.[11]In less than 36 hours, 14,500 Ethiopian Jews were flown to Israel.[12]On 27 April 1994, El Al received its firstBoeing 747-400.[14][31] El Al flights were inaugurated to theFar East[when?]and, in 1995, El Al signed its firstcodesharing agreementwithAmerican Airlines.[14]In February 1995, the receivership under which the airline had technically been operating since 1982 came to an end.[32]In June 1996, El Al recorded its first flight from Israel toAmman,Jordan.[17] In 1996, El Al recorded US$83.1 million in losses, due to the resumption of terrorist activities and the government\'sopen skiespolicy.[14]To keep its planes flying during this period, El Al introduced flights \"to nowhere\": passengers were offered various kinds ofin-flight entertainmentas the plane circled the Mediterranean. One-day shopping trips to London and visits to religious sites in Eastern Europe were also promoted.[14]In 1997, El Al opened a separate cargo division.[33][clarification needed] 21st century[edit] El Al\'s firstBoeing 777embarked on its maiden flight in March 2000. Later that year the controversy over flights on Shabbat erupted again, when the airline announced that it was losing US$55 million a year by grounding its planes on Saturdays. After privatization of the company began in June 2003, the policy regarding sabbath flights was expected to change.[16][17] The first phase of the long-delayed privatization of the company commenced in June 2003 and by Israel\'s Government Companies Authority, headed byEyal Gabbai. 15 percent of El Al\'s shares were listed on theTel Aviv Stock Exchange. By June 2004, 50% of the company had been sold to the public. By January 2005, a controlling share of the company had been transferred to Knafaim-Arkia Holdings Ltd.[17]As of October 2014, El Al\'s major shareholders are Knafaim Holdings (36%), Ginspurg Group (10%) and Delek Group (10%).[34] In August 2010, El Al andAmerican Airlinessigned an agreement to provide connecting through tickets between Israel and 61 destinations in the United States from October 2010, viaJohn F. Kennedy International Airportin New York.[35] Company affairs and identity[edit] Headquarters[edit] Small El Al aircraft at Schneider Children\'s Medical Center inPetakh Tikva El Al\'s headquarters are located on the grounds ofBen Gurion International AirportinTel Aviv District,Israel, nearLod. Operations[edit] During 2005, the airline transported 3.5 million passengers, a rise from 3.2 million in 2004 and 2.8 million in 2003.[36]60% of the airline\'s passengers are Israeli.[37]In 2006, El Al posted a $44.6 million loss on revenues of $1.665 billion.[38]The company is facing four lawsuits, two of which have been approved asclass actions, which could cost the company $176.2 million.[when?][39]El Al spends $100 million a year to conform with the airline security measures required by Israel\'sShin Betsecurity service.[40]In early 2007, El Al opened a newKing David Loungeat Charles de Gaulle airport in Paris. New lounges at Heathrow airport in London and JFK International airport in New York had also opened in late 2007.[41] In 2007, El Al invested NIS 1 billion in the purchase of two newBoeing 777-200sthat included an updated El Al decal. The aircraft are fitted with upgraded seats with adjustable headrests and legrests. Each seat is equipped with a touch-screen entertainment system. The first aircraft, named \"Sderot\", completed its maiden flight from New York to Tel Aviv on 26 July 2007. The second, \"Kiryat Shmona\", was delivered at the end of August 2007.[42] After the United StatesFederal Aviation Administrationdowngraded Israel\'saviation safety ratingto 2 in February 2009, anIATAmember has warned El Al, as well as competing airlines Arkia andIsrair, that they may appear on theEuropean blacklist of banned carriers.Giora Romm, head of theCivil Aviation Authority of Israel, responded to the claim, stating: \"We are in close contact with the Europeans,\" He added, \"I don\'t know what the fuss is about. The Europeans\' e-mail is strange. We are doing everything we can to improve security.\" TheEuropean Unionhas yet to make an official statement on the matter.[43]El Al uses theAmadeus CRSsystem for reservation, inventory, check-in and online bookings.[44]In November 2012, the United States FAA restored Israel\'s category 1 rating.[45] El Al has a cargo branch, El Al Cargo, which became independent in 1997. As the national cargo airline of Israel, it operates to destinations in Asia, Europe and North America plus ad hoc worldwide charters with its twoBoeing 747-200Faircraft. Before 2001, when the Israeli air cargo market opened up to competition, El Al Cargo enjoyed a monopoly. Now its main competition comes fromCAL Cargo Air Lines.[14] As of 2011, the company employs a staff of 6,056 globally and has a fleet of 37 aircraft. The company\'s revenues for 2011 grew by 4% from 2010 to $2.4 billion, totalling losses of $49.4 million compared to a profit of $57 million in 2010.[13] El Al hasHebrew languagevoiceovers andArabic languagesubtitles in its flightsafety videos. And after the first video is finished another video comes on inEnglish[46] Business trends[edit] The key trends for El Al Israel Airlines Ltd. are shown below (as at year ending 31 December):[47] Currency in Millions of US Dollars 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Operating revenues 2.096,3 1.655,8 1.971,4 2.042,6 2.015,6 2.103,0 2.081,3 2.054,0 100,0% Passenger aircraft, operation revenue 1.832,0 1.489,5 1.764,5 1.829,5 1.827,9 1.920,3 1.910,6 1.865,3 90,8% Cargo aircraft, operation revenue 139,5 58,3 87,5 99,4 80,4 70,4 69,9 71,4 3,5% Other revenue and Adjustments revenue 124,9 108,0 119,4 113,7 107,3 112,4 100,8 117,4 5,7% Operating expenses 1.776,3 1.444,3 1.584,6 1.764,9 1.701,9 1.737,1 1.802,7 1.592,8 77,5% Gross Profit 320,0 211,6 386,9 277,7 313,7 335,9 278,6 461,2 22,5% Selling, Administrative, General and Others expenses/revenues -325,7 -286,6 -299,6 -321,6 -301,6 -310,6 -291,4 -291,4 -14,2% Operating profit/loss -5,7 -75,0 87,3 -43,9 12,1 64,3 -12,8 169,8 8,3% Financing expenses/income, net -44,6 -26,3 -25,1 0,3 -37,0 -25,4 -26,6 -26,0 Share of the profits of subsidiaries, net of tax 0,5 0,4 0,0 1,4 1,4 0,3 1,1 0,8 Profit/loss before tax -49,7 -100,8 62,2 -42,2 -23,4 39,2 -38,3 144,6 7,0% Profit/loss after tax -41,9 -76,3 56,5 -49,8 -18,2 26,7 -28,1 106,5 5,2% Subsidiaries[edit] Sun D\'Or[edit] The charter operations of the Group is carried out throughSun D\'Or, a company fully owned by El Al. Sun D\'Or operates as a tourist organizer for wholesalers and individuals and markets charter and scheduled flights, both by means of leasing full aircraft capacity to third parties, or aircraft parts\' capacity to a number of partners for pre-negotiated prices, or by direct sales. Starting from 2011, Sun D\'Or operates as a tourist organizer, while maintaining the \"Sun D\'Or\" brand for scheduled and charter flights marketed by Sun D\'Or and operated by it (on weekdays) or by other airlines (on weekend and holiday flights). Tamam[edit] Tamam (a company fully owned by El Al) is mainly engaged in the production and supply of kosher ready meals to airline companies. Katit[edit] Katit (a company fully owned by El Al) is mainly engaged in the production and supply of meals to the Company\'s employees. Borenstein Caterers[edit] The main business of Borenstein, a company (fully owned by El Al) registered in the U.S. and operates at the New York JFK airport, is the production and supply of kosher ready meals to airlines and other institutions. Superstar Holidays[edit] Superstar (a company fully owned by El Al) is a tourist wholesaler that markets tourist package deals to travel agents and passengers, and sells airline tickets at discounted prices for flights on the Company\'s routes. Security[edit] As a prime target for terrorism, El Al employs stringent security procedures, both on the ground and on board its aircraft. These effective, though time-consuming and discriminatory, procedures have won El Al\'s security reputation.[10]In 2008, the airline was named byGlobal Travelermagazine as the world\'s most secure airline.[7] Onboard missile defense systems[edit] El Al planes have been fitted with anti-missile counter-measures since the early 2000s, with the initial system known asFlight Guard.[48][49][50][51] Since the early 2000s (decade), El Al has been the only commercial airliner to fit its planes with systems to defend againstanti-aircraft missiles. In 2014, El Al began to fit some of its planes that fly on more sensitive routes with an updated system missile defense system that employs an infrared missile-tracking camera, an “infrared (IR), ultra-violet (UV), or radar missile-approach warning (MAWS) sensor to detect a missile launch in the very early stages of an attack” and a laser system to act as a counter-measure.[52]In November 2014, under the Israeli government\'s SkyShield programme,Elbit\'s Commercial Multi-Spectral Infrared Countermeasures (C-MUSIC) system was adopted by El Al. \"C-MUSIC is one of the biggest and most complex projects ever undertaken at Elbit and in Israel\".[53] Airport security measures[edit] At Israel\'s Ben Gurion International Airport, plainclothes agents and fully armed police or military personnel patrol the premises for explosives, suspicious behavior, and other threats. Armed security personnel also patrol El Al terminals overseas. Inside the terminal, passengers and their baggage are checked by a trained team. El Al security procedures require that all passengers be interviewed individually prior to boarding, allowing El Al staff to identify possible security threats. Passengers are asked questions about their place of origin, the reason for their trip, their job or occupation, and whether they have packed their bags themselves. El Al believes interviewers can spot signs of nervousness.[54] At thecheck-incounter, passengers\'passportsandticketsare closely examined. A ticket without a sticker from the security checkers will not be accepted. At passport control passengers\' names are checked against information from theFBI,Canadian Security Intelligence Service(CSIS),Scotland Yard,Shin Bet, andInterpoldatabases. Luggage is screened and sometimes hand searched. In addition, bags are put through a decompression chamber simulating pressures during flight that could trigger explosives.[55]Even at overseas airports, El Al security agents conduct all luggage searches personally, even if they are supervised by government or private security firms.[56] Flight security measures[edit] Undercoveragents (sometimes referred to assky marshals) carrying concealed firearms sit among the passengers on every international El Al flight.[57]Most El Al pilots are formerIsraeli Air Forcepilots.[58][note 1]The cockpits in all El Al aircraft have double doors to prevent entry by unauthorized persons. Acodeis required to access the doors, and the second door will only be opened after the first has closed and the person has been identified by thecaptainorfirst officer.[58]Furthermore, there are reinforced steel floors separating the passengercabinfrom the baggage hold.[59] In April 2013, the Israeli government increased payments to El Al to secure 97.5% of the airlines\' security costs, ahead of the Open Skies agreement to take effect in 2014 with theEuropean Union.[60] Controversies[edit] Security controversy and passenger profiling[edit] The airline was also criticized by the Hungarian courts for refusing to search luggage with the passenger present, acting against Hungarian domestic laws stipulating that only authorized officials are able to undertake such searches.[61]A civil case was brought to theSupreme Court of Israelon 19 March 2008 alleging that El Al\'s practice of ethnic profiling singles out Arab passengers for tougher treatment.[62] Excess baggage fee controversy[edit] The Israeli presidentShimon Peres, opted at the last minute to change his flight from El Al toAir Canadaduring a state visit, because El Al tried to charge the president a $5,000 excess baggage fee for anoxygen tank. According to protocol, it is mandatory for an oxygen tank and other medical equipment to be on board an aircraft whenever an Israeli president or prime minister flies abroad.[63] Treatment of female passengers[edit] In September 2014 it was reported that there have been repeated incidents where ultra-Orthodox passengers refused to sit next to women passengers, sometimes delaying flights for hours. As result, a petition was initiated withChange.orgto pressure El Al to alter their policy of allowing ultra-Orthodox passengers on flights to negotiate switching seats. The petition reads: \"Why does El Al Airlines permit female passengers to be bullied, harassed, and intimidated into switching seats which they rightfully paid for and were assigned to by El Al Airlines? One person\'s religious rights do not trump another person\'s civil rights.\"[64][65][66] Following the incidents, Iris Richman, founder ofJewish Voices Together, a group created to address issues of religious pluralism in Israel and the U.S., encouraged passengers to protest this behavior through the US government, referencing \"49 U.S. Code § 40127 – Prohibitions on discrimination: Persons in Air Transportation.\" According to this directive, she wrote, \"An air carrier or foreign air carrier may not subject a person in air transportation to discrimination on the basis of race, color, national origin, religion, sex or ancestry.\" Richman contacted the U.S. Department of Transportation, Aviation Consumer Protection Division, and stated the department \"is willing to investigate any situation where any employee of a carrier – i.e. a steward/ess – participated in asking someone to change a seat because of their gender.\"[67] El Al said that it would not put a policy in place to handle situations where male Haredim refuse to sit next to female passengers, but would instead attempt to satisfy passengers involved in such incidents on a case by case basis.[68] In February 2016, an Israeli woman named Renee Rabinowitz filed a lawsuit against El Al after being involved in an incident where an ultra-Orthodox man refused to sit next to her on a flight fromNewark International Airportto Tel Aviv and the flight attendants asked her to move seats.[69][70] Other incidents[edit] In 2013, the media reported that an El Al flight unprecedentedly returned to the gate to retrieve an 11-year-old cancer patient, Inbar Chomsky, who was removed from the flight after she misplaced her passport. Just before takeoff, her passport was found in another passenger\'s backpack, and the crew began to negotiate for the plane to return and pick up the distressed young traveler on her way to a summer camp for children with serious illnesses. El Al released a statement noting that \"planes rarely return to the gate after departing...but when the passport was found on the plane...a decision was made and the plane returned to pick up Inbar.”[71] Up[edit] Main article:Up (airline) On 26 November 2013, El Al unveiled its new low cost airlineUp,[72][73]which commenced operations on 30 March 2014, initially fiveBoeing 737-800stransferred from El Al fleet.[73]In August 2014,RyanairCEOMichael O\'Learyforeshadowed the development of aRyanair Israel, connecting Israel with cities across Europe. He said an inhibiting factor in the plan was Israeli authorities protectiveness of El Al from competition. The CEO ofUpwishes to recreate the airline business world.[74] Destinations[edit] Main article:El Al destinations El Al destinations. Israel El Al destinations Cargo only destinations Codeshareonly destinations El Al serves destinations on five continents with a well-developed European network that also takes in important cities inRussia, theBaltic regionandCIS member states. The airline serves a number of gateway cities inNorth Americaand has expanded its service to cover central and southeast Asia (Bangkok,Mumbai) and theFar East(BeijingandHong Kong). However, El Al\'s inability to overflySaudi Arabianairspace, along with that of several otherArab countries, has reduced their ability to further expand their route network in Asia. It also offers services toJohannesburginSouth Africa.[75][76]El Al also operated domestic flights toEilatfor a while, ending them in October 2013.[77] Codesharing[edit] El Al hascodeshare agreementswith the following airlines as of January 2015.[78] Air China Air Serbia[79] American Airlines Czech Airlines Ethiopian Airlines Iberia JetBlue S7 Airlines[80] Swiss International Air Lines Thai Airways Vietnam Airlines[81] Fleet[edit] This sectiondoes notciteanysources.Please help improve this section byadding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged andremoved.(May 2016) Current fleet[edit] An El AlBoeing 737-800on short final toSchiphol Airportin 2012 An El AlBoeing 777-200ERatDon Muang International Airportin 2005 El Al has an all-Boeingfleet composed of the following aircraft:[82] El Al Fleet Aircraft In Service Orders Option Passengers Notes F C Y Total Boeing 737-800 10 – – – 16 126 142 4 – 36 144 180 Operated for subsidiaryUp 1 – – 189 189 Operated for subsidiarySun d\'Or Boeing 737-900ER 8 – – – 16 156 172 Boeing 747-400 6 – – 12 49 348 409 To be replaced with Boeing 787s by 2020 Boeing 767-300ER 7 – – – 16 211 227 To be replaced with Boeing 787s by 2020 Boeing 777-200ER 6 – – 12 35 232 279 Boeing 787-8 – 7 – TBA 5 purchase and 2 leased (for a period of 12 years) Boeing 787-9 – 8 – TBA 4 purchase and 4 leased (for a period of 12 years) Boeing 787-10 – – 7(+6) TBA For each option that is firmed up, one more will be allocated resulting in the potential for six more B787-10s El Al Cargo Fleet Boeing 747-400F 1 – – — Total 43 15 13 El Al\'sBoeing customer codeis 58. That is, a 777-200ER built for El Al will have the model name of 777-258ER.[83][84] Historic fleet[edit] A former El AlBoeing 767-200ER A former El AlBoeing 747-200B On November 26, 2012, El Al retired its lastBoeing 757-200after 25 years of service.[85]The lastBoeing 767-200ERin the fleet was retired on September 22, 2013 while the lastBoeing 737-700was phased out on May 10, 2016.[86] Fleet History[citation needed] Aircraft Introduced Retired Boeing 707-300C 1965 1992 Boeing 720B 1962 1980 Boeing 737-200 1981 2000 Boeing 737-700 1999 2016 Boeing 747-100 1977 1988 Boeing 747-200B 1971 2001 Boeing 747-200C 1975 2006 Boeing 747-200F 1979 2012 Boeing 757-200 1987 2012 Boeing 767-200 1982 2012 Boeing 767-200ER 1984 2013 Bristol Type 175 Britannia 1960s 1960s Lockheed Constellation 1951 1960s Douglas DC-4 1949 1967 Curtiss C-46 1940s 1950s McDonnell Douglas MD-11 1998 2000 Livery[edit] El Al\'s historic, superseded livery featured a turquoise/navy blue stripe down the side of the aircraft, and a turquoisetailfinwith the Flag of Israel at the top. El Al\'s logo was featured above the front run of windows on each side of the plane in the turquoise/navy scheme.[87]The new livery features a blue stripe with a thick silver border on the bottom that sweeps across the side of the aircraft near the wing, disappears over the top of the plane and reappears at the bottom of the tailfin. The El Al logo is part of the design, although it has been changed slightly since then. Most of El Al\'s aircraft are named for Israeli cities, such as Jerusalem, Tel Aviv, Bet Shemesh, Nazeret, Haifa, and others. The cities names are located near the nose of the plane beneath the cockpit windows[88][further explanation needed] Services[edit] El Al Economy class in-flight vegan meal El Al Economy class in aBoeing 757-200 Frequent flyer program[edit] Matmid is El Al\'s presentfrequent flyer program. King David club cards (red) were issued 1991. It was re-launched in 2004 following the merger of El Al\'s previous frequent flyer programs. It has five tiers: Matmid, Matmid Silver, Matmid Gold, Matmid Platinum and Matmid TOP Platinum. Points accumulated in the program entitle members to bonus tickets, flight upgrades, and discounts on car rentals, hotel stays, and other products and services. Points are also awarded for travel with partner airlines, as well as for nights at partner hotels and for credit card purchases.[89]Matmid points can be collected on most flights operated bySouth African Airways,Sun D\'Or,Qantasand limitedAeroméxicoflights[90]Points are accumulated for any fares (ex. promotions), and points age—i.e. lose their validity after three years. To join Matmid, a one-time fee must be paid. Lounge[edit] The King David Lounge is the name adopted by El Al for special airport lounges that serve the airline\'s premium class passengers. There are six King David Lounges worldwide at the key airports at Ben Gurion International Airport,John F. Kennedy International Airportin New York,Newark Liberty International Airport,Paris-Charles de Gaulle Airport,London Heathrow AirportandLos Angeles International Airport.[91]All King David Lounges offer drinks, snacks, newspapers and magazines (Israeli and foreign), while some lounges also offer freeWi-Fiinternet access. The King David Lounge at Terminal 3 at Tel Aviv-Ben Gurion airport is equipped with telephone, shower facilities and a spa; it has a separate section for first-class passengers.[92] Accidents and incidents[edit] Monument for theBijlmer disaster, Amsterdam of 4 October 1992. The monument was designed by architect Herman Hertzberger together with survivors. On 24 November 1951, aDC-4on a cargo flight from Tel Aviv to Amsterdam crashed on approach toZürich Airport, killing 6 crew members.[93][further explanation needed] On 27 July 1955, aLockheed ConstellationoperatingEl Al Flight 402, was shot down by twoBulgarian Air Forcefighter jets overBlagoevgrad, nearSofia,Bulgaria, after it strayed into Bulgarian airspace in rough weather. All 58 passengers and crew were killed.[94][95][96] On 23 July 1968,El Al Flight 426operated by aBoeing 707-358Cen route from London toTel Avivvia Rome, was hijacked by three members of thePopular Front for the Liberation of Palestineshortly after take-off from Rome-Fiumicinoairport and forcibly diverted toAlgiers. The hijacking ended after 40 days and is considered to be the only successful hijacking involving an El Al jet. In February, 1969, an El Al Boeing 707 was attacked atZürichairport. An Israeli trainee pilot was killed, with another eight people being wounded. In a firefight involving security personnel, one hijacker was killed, while the others were arrested. The hijackers were later put on trial inWinterthur, Switzerland but released following the hijacking of a Swissair aircraft one year later.[97] On September 6, 1970, El Al Flight 219 from Tel Aviv to New York, with a stopover in Amsterdam, was the target of an attempted hijacking byLeila KhaledandPatrick Argüelloafter taking off from Amsterdam. The hijacking was meant to be one of theDawson\'s Field hijackings, but it was thwarted by the pilot and on-board air marshall. Argüello was killed in this incident.[98] On January 13, 1975, several men, includingCarlos the Jackal, made an unsuccessful attempt to destroy an El Al airliner at Orly Airport. The men tried again on January 17, also without success.[99][100] On 27 December 1985, after several failed attempts to attack El Al aircraft, guerrillas of theFatah Revolutionary Councilattacked El Al ticket countersat Rome-Fiumicinoand Vienna-Schwechatairports, killing 18 people.[25] Another terrorist attack was foiled on 18 April 1986 in what became known as theHindawi Affair. A pregnant Irishwoman named Anne-Marie Murphy was about to board an El Al flight at London\'s Heathrow airport when her bag was found to contain three pounds of plastic explosives. These had been planted by her fiancéNezar Hindawi, who was booked on a different flight. Hindawi was jailed for 45 years, the longest sentence (short of a life setence) ever delivered by a British court.[101]There was evidence thatSyrianofficials were involved and as a result, Britain cut off diplomatic relations with Syria.[102] On 4 October 1992,El Al Flight 1862operated by a Boeing 747-200F cargo plane, crashed into two highrise apartment buildings (Kruitberg and Groeneveen) inBijlmermeer, a neighborhood of Amsterdam. The crash was caused by an engine detaching from the aircraft, knocking a second engine off the aircraft as well. The three crew members, one passenger, and 39 people on the ground were killed.[103] On 4 July 2002,Hesham Mohamed Hadayetshot six Israelis at El Al\'s ticket counter atLos Angeles International Airportbefore he was shot and killed by an El Al security guard.[104]Two of the victims died. Although not linked to any terrorist group, Hadayet, anEgyptian, espoused anti-Israeli views and was opposed to US policy in the Middle East.[105]The USFederal Bureau of Investigationclassified the shooting as aterrorist act, one of the few on US soil since theSeptember 11, 2001 attacks. On 17 November 2002, Tawfiq Fukra, a twenty-three-year-oldIsraeli Arab, attempted to hijack an El Al flight from Tel Aviv toIstanbul. He was reportedly armed with a pocket knife, and attempted to break into the cockpit in order to fly the aircraft back to Israel and crash it into a building. He was apprehended by on-board security personnel.[106][107][108] Notable El Al employees[edit] El Al flight attendant in the 1950s Pilots[edit] Pinchas Ben-Porat- Palmach Member, one of Israel\'s first aviators Giora Epstein- Israeli Air Force pilot, flying ace Eliezer Cohen- politician Yoav Kish- politician Abie Nathan- humanitarian and peace activist Flight attendants[edit] Gali Atari- singer and actress Miki Haimovich- anchorwoman, television presenter Adir Miller- actor, Screenwriter and comedian Sara Netanyahu- wife ofIsraeli Prime MinisterBenjamin Netanyahu Alma Zack- actress*** ***** David Gilboa, Romanian/Israeli (1910 - 1976) David Gilboa (1910-1976). David Gilboa was born in Romania in 1910. He studied at Academy of Fine Art, Bucharest, Romania, during the years of 1927-29. He immigrated to Israel in 1933 and settled in Tsfat. He is one of the founders of the Artist\'s Quarter, Safed. David Gilboa was a landscape painter until he discovered the human element, which he had previously considered of secondary importance. He then concentrated on painting people. Besides painting the landscapes and people of Israel he also produced and illustrated a number of children\'s books, among them \"Treasure Island\" by Robert Louis Stevenson. David Gilboa died in Tel-Aviv in 1976. *** Yeshurum Keshet’s Introduction of David Gilboa Introduction to a folio of David Gilboa’s prints, by Yeshurum Keshet, 1958 David Gilboa as a Portrait Painter It is not enough for an artist to be merely Talented, just as it is not enough to have a ship in order to sail the seas. For if there is a ship, it has to have a captain, and the captain has to have a compass. Talent can be fully demonstrated only when it can succeed in discovering its true artistic function. You can find a writer, for instance, who wrote articles and feuillitons till one day, by pure chance, he discovers that he has a talent for drama; and correspondingly there is a painter, who for years has painted landscapes until some inner urge leads him to engage in portrait painting: and it is precisely there that he discovers his true and inmost self. That is exactly what has happened to David Gilboa. David Gilboa was a landscape painter till he discovered the human element which had previously been of secondary importance and in no way a primary object, something he could “also handle,” but not something he could not do without. Yet all those years it had been the human character-image that lurked in the background of his pictures waiting for its release. Precisely so, in a romantic novel that the hero suddenly discover that the person he thought was his step-daughter was his real daughter. I saw the birth of the portrait painter within the consciousness of David Gilboa, and perhaps I was the “midwife” too in some respects. That is why I can testify to the miracle of this transformation and revelation. When I first saw the works of David Gilboa, I felt convinced that this straightforward and sharp-eyed acquarellist approaches the landscape, whether rural or urban, as if he subconsciously wishes to give the general impression of it, or, so to say, its features. At that time—it was in 1954—I permitted myself to talk to him and tried to persuade him to turn the human likeness into the main element of his work rather than something incidental and casual. “Your power lies in portrait-painting,” I tried to persuade him. And strange to tell my wish has come about! David Gilboa has turned portrait painting into his main field of action. Within a few years, he has collected a whole gallery of character paintings “from the four corners of the land”, in his studies. There you find the various types of the “old Yishuv”” especially of Safad, and presentations of new immigrants from West Asia and North Africa. Characteristic likenesses, where each and every one represents a distinctive Jewish type while all of them together make up a small-scale “ingathering of the exiles.” “A Yemenite Haham,” (“seen on the cover) is not only an excellent realistic characterization (in pastel), on its own merits, and not only a personal expression of the soul and a portrayal of personality—simplicity and meekness, gentleness and spiritual reverie, kindheartedness and patience, fastidiousness and a touch of melancholy. It is a composite likeness of the Yemenite scholar, a type of Oriental Jew, who so closely resembles the Ashkenazi type in his moral makeup and mentality. In the picture, “One of the last Kabbalists of Safad,” the old man, is not merely a God-Fearing Jew rising betimes to serve his Creator, with his praying shawl under his arm, completely absorbed in his favorite practice, who can make his legs speedy as those of the deer in order to serve his Maker, in spite of his advanced age. He is likewise a typical Safad Jew, who plainly belongs to the Ashkenazi community. This is no Sephardi or Babylonian. “Old Man From Morrocco” is not only an indicative portrait, though perfect as that too, of an old man of character, canny and shrewd, his mind centered on his memories. This is not only a pictorial likeness seated so easily and charmingly, an achievement which displays talent, displaying a natural and effortless pride and a strong personality. This is also a magnificent type of Jew, firmly rooted in his race and enjoying full inner freedom. Yet besides all this, he is a typical Jew of the “Moghreb”. “The Ashkenazi Jew” portrays our own common type, hearty and compassionate, which finds its expression in the world of Shalom-Aleichem—surely this is a brother of Tuvia the Dairyman—and the Yishuv of Eretz-Israel. He might be one of the parents of a Kibbutz member, or maybe an artisan of Jerusalem, or a resident in a worker’s quarter on the outskirts of Tel Aviv; a taciturn fellow, schooled in suffering, who sits down to rest a while after a day of toil and it now thinking of his past. And as his counterpart, —“A Jew from the Atlas Mountains”: on the surface—the individuality of the human face (you will recognize this old man if you pass him among the thousands you see in the streets, even by this “lightening sketch” alone!) Behind this individual—the ancient Jewish hallmark. Who else but a Jew can smile in that way, so softly and slyly, compassionately and comprehendingly? And beneath the typical Jewishness stands out the helpless naïveté and saintly simplicity of his specific type: the type of a Jew from the Isle of Jerba or one of the cave dwellers of the Atlas Mountains in North Africa, a son of an outlying Jewish tribe among whom the belief in miracles and the ancient resignation have joined hands to induce within him a magic surrender to fate. With the dainty and free sweep of a modern realism, which bears within it the heritage of impressionism and is equally distant from stilled “academism,” and from hovering in abstract vacuums, the light and pleasantly nimble brush of David Gilboa bestows upon the human image a double and triple interpretation of character. He gives it not only the expression of the individual soul and a highly personal portrait entity, but also the typical group essences, the local ethnic stamp. The ability of presenting character and the portraital qualities emerge even when he chooses, as he sometimes does, to restrict his portrait and making what seems little more than a sketch of it. Even the sketches of David Gilboa have something of the character of his subjects in them. Considering the paucity of resources employed in the straight forward pictorial technique of David Gilboa — in the comprehensive descriptive power, where what is implied is so much more than what is presented, with the easy sweep of the brush and the airy display of colour, one might well ask: What then is the element that helps to bring out what is characteristic and typical in his pictures with this direct objectivity, which is achieved in what at first glance seems so casual a fashion and without any specific intention? The answer is this. This concealed element is love. David Gilboa paints his images with love, and this always helps him to discover the essence of his subjects, the “inner soul: of the likeness, and to give it its true meaning. The principal and particular treasure of David Gilboa, which makes his pictures so lovable, is the quality known in Hebrew as a “Good Eye.”*****Passover,or Pesach (from: פֶּסַח in Hebrew,Yiddish), /ˈpesaχ/ Pesah,Pesakh, Yiddish: Peysekh, Paysakh, Paysokh) is an important Biblically-derived Jewish festival. Historically,together with Shavuot(\"Pentecost\") and Sukkot(\"Tabernacles\"), Passover is one of the three pilgrimage festivals (Shalosh Regalim)during which the entire population of the kingdom of Judah made a pilgrimage tothe Temple inJerusalem.Samaritans still make thispilgrimage to MountGerizim,but only men participate in public worship.Passover commences on the 15th ofthe Hebrewmonthof Nisan and lasts for eitherseven days (in Israel) or eight days (inthe diaspora). In Judaism, a day commences at dusk and lasts until thefollowing dusk, thus the first day of Passover only begins after dusk ofthe 14th of Nisan and ends at dusk of the 15th day of the month of Nisan. Therituals unique to the Passover celebrations commence with the Passover Seder when the 15th ofNisan has begun. In the Northern Hemisphere Passover takes place in spring as the Torah prescribes it:\"in the month of [the] spring\" (בחדש האביב Exodus 23:15). It is one of themost widely observed Jewish holidays. The Jewish people celebrate Passover asa commemoration of their liberation over 3,300 years ago by God from slavery in ancient Egypt that was ruled by thePharaohs, and their birth as anation under the leadership of Moses.It commemorates the story of the Exodus as described in the Hebrew Bible especially in the Book of Exodus, in which the Israelites were freed fromslavery in Egypt. In the narrative of the Exodus, the Bible tells thatGod helped the Children of Israel escape from theirslavery in Egypt by inflicting ten plagues upon the ancient Egyptians before the Pharaoh wouldrelease his Israelite slaves; the tenth and worst of the plagues was the death of the Egyptian first-born. The Israelites wereinstructed to mark the doorposts of their homes with the blood of a slaughteredspring lamb and, upon seeing this, the spirit of the Lord knew to pass overthe first-born in these homes, hence the name of the holiday.There is somedebate over where the term is actually derived from. When the Pharaoh freed theIsraelites, it is said that they left in such a hurry that they could not wait forbread dough to rise (leaven). In commemoration, for the duration of Passover noleavenedbreadis eaten, for which reason it is called \"The Festival of the UnleavenedBread\".Thus Matzo (flat unleavened bread) is eaten during Passover and itis a symbol of the holiday. The Passover Seder (Hebrew: סֵדֶר order, arrangement\"; Yiddish: Seyder) is aJewish ritual feast that marks the beginning of the Jewish holiday of Passover.It is conducted on the evenings of the 14th day of Nisan in the Hebrewcalendar, and on the 15th by traditionally observant Jews living outsideIsrael. This corresponds to late March or April in the Gregorian calendar. TheSeder is a ritual performed by a community or by multiple generations of afamily, involving a retelling of the story of the liberation of the Israelitesfrom slavery in ancient Egypt. This story is in the Book of Exodus (Shemot)in the Hebrew Bible. The Seder itself is based on the Biblical verse commandingJews to retell the story of the Exodus from Egypt: \"You shall tell yourchild on that day, saying, \'It is because of what the LORD did for me when Icame out of Egypt.\'\" (Exodus 13:8) Traditionally, families and friendsgather in the evening to read the text of the Haggadah, an ancient work derivedfrom the Mishnah (Pesahim 10).The Haggadah contains the narrative of theIsraelite exodus from Egypt, special blessings and rituals, commentaries fromthe Talmud, and special Passover songs. Seder customs include drinking fourcups of wine, eating matza, partaking of symbolic foods placed on the PassoverSeder Plate, and reclining in celebration of freedom. The Seder is performed inmuch the same way by Jews all over the world. The Haggadah (Hebrew: הַגָּדָה,\"telling\", plural: Haggadot) is a Jewish text that sets forth theorder of the Passover Seder. Reading the Haggadah at the Seder table is afulfillment of the Scriptural commandment to each Jew to \"tell yourson\" of the Jewish liberation from slavery in Egypt as described in theBook of Exodus in the Torah. (\"And thou shalt tell thy son in that day,saying: It is because of that which the LORD did for me when I came forth outof Egypt. \" Ex. 13:8) Sephardi and Mizrahi Jews also apply the term Haggadahto the service itself, as it constitutes the act of \"telling yourson.\"
1950 \"EL AL\" Israel AIRLINER Passover HAGGADAH SCROLL w/BOX TUBE Hebrew JUDAICA:
$149.00