3 c1750-1770 F&I– REVOLUTIONARY WAR TOMAHAWKS SHESHEQUIN TRAIL PENNSYLVANIA vafo

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The Sheshequin Path was a major Native American trail in the U.S. Stateof Pennsylvaniathat ran between two Native American villages: \"French Margaret\'sTown\" on the West Branch Susquehanna River (partof modern-day Williamsport in Lycoming County) and\"Sheshequin\" on the North Branch of the SusquehannaRiver (modern-day Ulster Township, in Bradford County). The path ran northand east along Lycoming Creek in Lycoming County and followed muchof TowandaCreek in Bradford County. It was a shortcut between the two main branchesof the Susquehanna River and was used by early settlers as well as NativeAmericans.[1]

Name

The name Sheshequin is a corruption of Sheshequanink meaning \"atthe place of the gourd rattle\" in the Lenapelanguage. The gourd rattle was used in religious ceremonies held there.Another name for the trail was the \"Lycoming Path\" for the creek itruns along for much of its length, which also gave its name to Lycoming County.Lycoming is a corruption of the Lenape Legaui-hanne or \"sandystream\". A shortcut near Sheshequin which bypassed Towanda was known as \"St. Joseph\'sPath\", believed to be named for the MoravianBishop August Gottlieb Spangenberg, who wasalso known as \"Brother Joseph\".[2]

Course

As was often the case with Native American trails, the Sheshequin Path splitinto multiple pathways at each end. In Lycoming County there were three branchesthat eventually led to Lycoming Creek. Each connected with the Great Shamokin Path that ran along the WestBranch Susquehanna River south to the village of Shamokin (modern Sunbury) and west to the \"GreatIsland\" (at modern Lock Haven) and further west to Kittanning on the AlleghenyRiver.[1]

The east branch followed LoyalsockCreek north from its mouth at the village of \"Otstonwakin\"(modern Montoursville) to Wallis Run,north there, then west to Lycoming Creek along either Murray Run to the villageof Fields Station, or that and Slacks Run to the village of Bodines. The middlebranch was about onemile (0.6km) west of Loyalsock Creek and rannorth along Millers Run (Northway Road in Loyalsock Township), then followedLog Run or Mill Creek west to Lycoming Creek. The western main branch startedat French Margaret\'s Town on the western side of Lycoming Creek, just north ofits confluence with the river (today theNewberry section of Williamsport). This branch can be viewed as a continuationof Culbertson\'s Path, which crossed the river here.[1]

The main branch of the Sheshequin Path followed Lycoming Creek north pastthe modern villages of Hepburnville, Cogan Station and Trout Run (the modernpath of U.S. Route 15 and the future Interstate99). From Trout Run it continues past Fields Station, Bodines, Marsh Hill,Ralston to the source of Lycoming Creek in the southwestcorner of Bradford County. There the path traversed a swampy area for ashort distance to the source of Towanda Creek near Grover, following TowandaCreek northeast to modern Canton (this is the route of Pennsylvania Route 14) and on to the villageof East Canton. A short cut left the creek between Grover and East Canton. FromEast Canton the path followed the creek past Leroy, West Franklin, Powell, andMonroeton to the creek\'s mouth at modern Towanda on the North BranchSusuquehanna River. The path then followed the river north to Sheshequin (andfrom there north to modern New York and the Iroquoisthere). The alternate branch known as St. Joseph\'s Path left Towanda Creek atPowell, and ran north to Sugar Creek, which it eitherfollowed to the river and the village of Oscalui then north to Sheshequin, orcrossed to go on to Sheshequin. Pennsylvania Route 414 follows the path fromCanton to Monroeton, and U.S. Route 220 follows it to Towanda and north alongthe river to Sheshequin.[1]

History

Sheshequin Path Pennsylvania Historical Marker on U.S.Route 15 near Trout Run

The Sheshequin Path had easy grades and was easy to follow (as it chieflyran through two fairly narrow creek valleys). Thenarrow valleys made it difficult to avoid flooding, which could be a particularproblem on Lycoming Creek. Bohemia Mountain at the headwaters of Lycoming Creekwas said to be the residence of an \"Otkan\" or evil spirit because ofthe many thunderstorms and other bad weather there.[1]

The Sheshequin Path was the one ConradWeiser always used in his many journeys to meet with the Six Nations of theIroquois, and his journal descriptions of his travels on it are a primarysource of information about the path.[3]For example, in March 1737 he travelled it with the Iroquois \"vicechief\" Shikellamy through snow up to threefeet (1m)deep on their way to Onondaga (modern Syracuse, New York). JohnBartram and Lewis Evans travelled the Sheshequin pathwith Weiser in 1743.[1]

In 1745 a party of Moravians, including Bishop Spangenberg and DavidZeisberger, went north with Weiser along the trail. Spangenberg wrote ofthe Sheshequin Path as traversing a \"Dismal Wilderness\" which was\"so full of wood and trees which the wind has piled up sometimes three tofour logs upon one another that often one does not know how one may getthrough.\" He also wrote of it as \"a wilderness where one does not seethe sun all day long. The woods are so thickly grown that sometimes one canhardly see twenty paces ahead.\"[1]

The Sheshequin Path was used by both sides in the American Revolutionary War. In 1778after the Wyoming Valley battle and massacre,American Colonel Hartley led 200 men north along the Sheshequin Path on aretaliatory raid as far north as Queen Esther\'s Town (south of modern Athens, Pennsylvania at the confluenceof the Chemung River and the Susquehanna), which theydestroyed. Hartley\'s force then followed the river back south and fought abattle with Native Americans south of Wyalusing. This showed the practicality ofraids using the native paths, leading to Sullivan\'s Expedition in 1779, whichdestroyed over 40 Native American villages.[1][3]

The Sheshequin Path was used as a part of the Underground Railroad until the American Civil War began in 1861. Escaped slaveswould often wade in creeks to hide their scent from pursuing bloodhounds.

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