ANTI FRANKLIN ROOSEVELT FDR Slogan POLITICAL Pinback PIN Button BADGE Willkie
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ANTI FRANKLIN ROOSEVELT FDR Slogan POLITICAL Pinback PIN Button BADGE Willkie :
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POLITICAL PINBACK
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Original 1-1/4\" anti FDR pinback, \"Nov. 5th Franklin Gets His Walking Papers\"
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Franklin Delano Roosevelt(/ˈroʊzəvəlt/, his own pronunciation,[2]or/ˈroʊzəvɛlt/; January 30, 1882 – April 12, 1945), commonly known asFDR, was an American statesman and political leader who served as thePresident of the United Statesfrom 1933 to 1945. ADemocrat, he won a record fourpresidential electionsand dominated his party after 1932 as a central figure in world events during the mid-20th century, leading the United States during a time ofworldwide economic depressionandtotal war. His program for relief, recovery and reform, known as theNew Deal, involved a great expansion of the role of the federal government in the economy. As a dominant leader of the Democratic Party, he built theNew Deal Coalitionthat brought together and united labor unions, big city machines, white ethnics, African Americans, and rural white Southerners in support of the party. The Coalition significantly realigned American politics after 1932, creating theFifth Party Systemand definingAmerican liberalismthroughout the middle third of the 20th century.
Roosevelt was born in 1882, toan old, prominent Dutch family from Dutchess County, New York. He attended the elite educational institutions ofGroton SchoolandHarvard College. At age 23, in 1905, he marriedEleanor Roosevelt, with whom he had six children. He entered politics in 1910, serving in theNew York State Senate, and then asAssistant Secretary of the Navyunder PresidentWoodrow Wilson. In 1920, Roosevelt ran for vice president with presidential candidateJames M. Cox, but theCox/Roosevelt ticket lostto the Republican ticket ofWarren HardingandCalvin Coolidge. Roosevelt wasstricken with debilitating polioin 1921, which cost him the use of his legs and put his future political career in jeopardy, but he attempted to recover from the illness, and founded thetreatment centerfor people with polio inWarm Springs, Georgia. After returning to political life by placingAlfred E. Smith\'s name into nomination at the1924 Democratic National Convention, Roosevelt, at Smith\'s behest, successfully ran for Governor of New York in 1928. In office from 1929 to 1933, he served as a reform governor promoting the enactment of programs to combat theGreat Depressionbesetting the United States at the time.
In1932, in the depths of the Great Depression, Roosevelt successfully defeated incumbent Republican presidentHerbert Hooverto win thepresidency of the United States. Having been energized by his personal victory over hispolio, FDR relied on his persistent optimism and activism to renew the national spirit.[3]Inhis first hundred daysin office, which began March4, 1933, Roosevelt spearheaded unprecedented major legislation and issued a profusion of executive orders that instituted the New Deal—a variety of programs designed to produce relief (government jobs for the unemployed), recovery (economic growth), and reform (through regulation of Wall Street, banks and transportation). He created numerous programs to support the unemployed and farmers, and to encourage labor union growth while more closely regulating business and high finance. The repeal ofProhibitionin 1933 added to his popularity, helping him win re-election by a landslide in 1936. The economy improved rapidly from 1933 to 1937, but then relapsed into a deep recession in 1937–38. The bipartisanConservative Coalitionthat formed in 1937 prevented hispacking the Supreme Court, and blocked almost all proposals for major liberal legislation (except the minimum wage, which did pass). When the war began and unemployment ended, conservatives in Congress repealed the two major relief programs, the WPA and CCC. However, they kept most of the regulations on business. Along with several smaller programs, major surviving programs include theSecurities and Exchange Commission, theWagner Act, theFederal Deposit Insurance CorporationandSocial Security.
As World War II loomed after 1938, with the Japanese invasion of China and the aggression of Nazi Germany, Roosevelt gave strong diplomatic and financial support to China and the United Kingdom, while remaining officially neutral. His goal was to make America the \"Arsenal of Democracy\", which would supply munitions to the Allies. In March1941, Roosevelt, with Congressional approval, providedLend-Leaseaid to Britain and China. Following the Japaneseattack on Pearl Harboron December7, 1941, which he called \"a date which will live in infamy\", Roosevelt sought and obtained the quick approval, on December 8, of the United States Congress to declare war on Japan and, a few days later, on Germany. (Hitler had already declared war on the US in support of Japan). Assisted by his top aideHarry Hopkins, and with very strong national support, he worked closely with British Prime MinisterWinston Churchill, Soviet leaderJoseph Stalinand Chinese GeneralissimoChiang Kai-Shekin leading theAlliesagainstNazi Germany,Fascist ItalyandImperial JapaninWorld War II. He supervised the mobilization of the U.S. economy to support the war effort, and also ordered theinternmentof 100,000Japanese Americancivilians. As an active military leader, Roosevelt implemented a war strategy on two fronts that ended in the defeat of theAxis Powersand the development of the world\'s firstnuclear bomb. His work also influenced the later creation of theUnited NationsandBretton Woods. During the war, unemployment dropped to 2%, relief programs largely ended, and the industrial economy grew rapidly to new heights as millions of people moved to wartime factory jobs or entered military service.[4]Roosevelt\'s health seriously declined during the war years, and he died three months into his fourth term. He is often rated by scholars as one of thetop three U.S. Presidents, along withAbraham LincolnandGeorge Washington.[5]
John Nance Garner, known among his contemporaries as \"Cactus Jack\" (November 22, 1868 – November 7, 1967), was an AmericanDemocraticpolitician and lawyer fromTexas. He was a Texanstate representativefrom 1898 to 1902, andU.S. Representativefrom 1903 to 1933. He was the 39thSpeaker of the Housefrom 1931 to 1933. In 1932 and 1936 he was elected the32ndVice President of the United States, serving from 1933 to 1941. A conservative Southerner, Garner opposed the sit-down strikes of the labor unions and theNew Deal\'sdeficit spending. He broke with PresidentFranklin D. Rooseveltin early 1937 over the issue of enlarging the Supreme Court, and helped defeat it on the grounds that it centralized too much power in the President\'s hands.
Biography[edit]Early life and family[edit]Garner was born in the village ofDetroitinRed River Countyin northEastern Texas, to John Nance Garner III and his wife, the former Sarah Jane Guest. Garner\'s home place still stands today, approximately 2 blocks from the tiny town\'s center. Garner attendedVanderbilt Universityin Nashville, Tennessee, for one semester before dropping out and returning home. He was a member of thePi Kappa Alphafraternity. He eventually studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1890, and began practice inUvalde,Uvalde County, Texas.
In 1893, Garner entered politics, running for county judge of Uvalde County. (Although the county judge in Texas is now primarily the chief administrative officer of a county, comparable to the mayor of a city, the office is a judicial position, and the county judge sits in small civil cases, misdemeanor criminal cases, and probate cases.) At that time, Democrats entirely dominated politics in Texas, and the Democratic nomination for an office wastantamount to election. Thus the Democraticprimary electionwas the real election, with the general election being a formality.
Garner was opposed in the County Judge primary by a woman—Mariette Rheiner, a rancher\'s daughter. Two years later, on 25 November 1895, she married Garner in Sabinal, Texas. They had one child, Tully Charles Garner.
Garner was elected County Judge, and served until 1896.
Texas politics[edit]John Nance Garner as a younger congressman.Garner as Speaker of the HouseGarner was elected to theTexas House of Representativesin 1898, and re-elected in 1900. During his service, the legislature selected a state flower for Texas. Garner fervently supported theprickly pear cactusfor the honor and thus earned the nickname \"Cactus Jack.\" (TheBluebonnetwas chosen.)
Main article:Disfranchisement after Reconstruction eraIn 1901 Garner voted for thepoll tax, a measure passed by the Democratic-dominated legislature to make voter registration more difficult and reduce the number of black, minority and poor white voters on the voting rolls.[1]This ended challenges to Democratic power, disfranchised most minority voters until the 1960s, and Texas became a one-party state.[2]
In 1902, Garner was elected to theUnited States House of Representativesfrom the newly createdTexas\'s 15th congressional district, a narrow strip reaching south to include tens of thousands of square miles of rural areas. He was elected from the district fourteen subsequent times, serving until 1933. His wife was paid and worked as his private secretary during this period.
Garner was chosen to serve asminority floor leaderfor the Democrats in 1929, and in 1931 asSpeaker of the United States House of Representatives, when the Democrats became the majority.
Garner supported passage of the federalincome taxbut opposed mosttariffsexcept for those on wool and mohair, which were important to his Texas base. He also believed in rural investment, bringing taxpayer dollars to farmers of the Brush Country region of South Texas.[3][unreliable source?]
Garner was popular with his fellow House members in both parties. He held what he called his \"board of education\" during the era ofProhibition, a gathering spot for lawmakers to drink alcohol, or as Garner called it, \"strike a blow for liberty.\" (The \"board of education\" was continued by future SpeakerSam Rayburnafter Prohibition had ended and Garner had left the House.)[3]
Vice Presidency[edit]Garner with Governor Roosevelt and Kansas Governor Harry Woodring in September 1932.In 1932, Garner ran for the Democratic Presidential nomination. It became evident thatFranklin D. Roosevelt, the governor of New York, was the strongest of several candidates; but although he had a solid majority of convention delegates, he was about 100 votes short of the two-thirds required for nomination. Garner cut a deal with Roosevelt, becoming his Vice-Presidential candidate.
Garner was re-elected to the Seventy-third Congress on November 8, 1932, and on the same day was elected Vice President of the United States. He was the second man,Schuyler Colfaxbeing the first, to serve as both Speaker of the House and President of the Senate. Garner was re-elected Vice President with Roosevelt in 1936, serving in that office in total from March 4, 1933, to January 20, 1941.
Like most Vice Presidents in this era, Garner had little to do and little influence on the President\'s policies. He famously described the Vice-Presidency as being \"not worth a bucket of warm piss\". (For many years, this quote was euphemized as \"warm spit\".)[4][not in citation given]
During Roosevelt\'s second term, Garner\'s previously warm relationship with the President quickly soured, as Garner disagreed sharply with him on a wide range of important issues. Garner supported federal intervention to break up theFlint Sit-Down Strike, supported a balanced federal budget, opposed theJudiciary Reorganization Bill of 1937to \"pack\" the Supreme Court with additional judges, and opposed executive interference with the internal business of the Congress.[5]
During 1938 and 1939, numerous Democratic party leaders urged Garner torun for President in 1940. Garner identified as the champion of the traditional Democratic Party establishment, which often clashed with supporters of Roosevelt\'sNew Deal. TheGallup Pollshowed that Garner was the favorite among Democratic voters, based on the assumption that Roosevelt would defer to the longstanding two-term tradition and not run for a third term.Timemagazinecharacterized him on April 15, 1940:
Cactus Jack is 71, sound in wind & limb, a hickory conservative who does not represent theOld Southof magnolias, hoopskirts, pillared verandas, but the New South: moneymaking, industrial, hardboiled, still expanding too rapidly to brood over social problems. He stands for oil derricks, sheriffs who use airplanes, prairie skyscrapers, mechanized farms, $100 Stetson hats. Conservative John Garner appeals to many a conservative voter.[6]
Some other Democrats did not find him appealing. In Congressional testimony, union leaderJohn L. Lewisdescribed him as \"a labor-baiting, poker-playing, whiskey-drinking, evil old man\".[7]
Garner declared his candidacy. Roosevelt refused to say whether he would run again. If he did, it was highly unlikely that Garner could win the nomination, but Garner stayed in the race anyway. He opposed most of Roosevelt\'s policies, and on principle, opposed presidents serving third terms. At theDemocratic National Convention, Roosevelt arranged a \"spontaneous\" call for his renomination, and won on the first ballot. Garner got only 61 votes out of 1,093. Roosevelt choseHenry A. Wallaceto be the Vice Presidential running mate.[8]
Final years and legacy[edit]Garner stepped down as Vice President in January 1941, ending a 46-year career in public life. He retired tohis home in Uvaldefor the last twenty-six years of his life, where he managed his extensive real estate holdings, spent time with his great-grandchildren, and fished. Throughout his retirement, he was consulted by active Democratic politicians and was especially close to Roosevelt\'s successorHarry S. Truman.
On the morning of Garner\'s 95th birthday on November 22, 1963, PresidentJohn F. Kennedycalled to wish the former Vice President a happy birthday, just hours beforehis fateful trip to Dallas.Dan Ratherstates that he visited the Garner ranch that morning to film an interview with Garner, where Miss Texas Wool was in attendance, and that he then flew back to Dallas from Uvalde to deposit the film at KRLD TV station, a CBS affiliate.[9]
Garner died on November 7, 1967, at the age of 98 years and 350 days, 15 days before his 99th birthday, making him, as of 2016, the longest-living Vice President or President in United States history, a record which was previously held byBenjamin Harrison\'s Vice President,Levi P. Morton(who died in 1920 on his 96th birthday). He is interred in Uvalde Cemetery.
Garner andSchuyler Colfax, Vice President underUlysses S. Grant, are the only two Vice Presidents to have been Speaker of the House of Representatives prior to becoming Vice President. As the Vice President is also the President of the Senate, Garner and Colfax are the only people to have served as the presiding officer of both Houses of Congress.
The popularGarner State Park, located 30 miles (48km) north of Uvalde, bears his name, as doesGarner Fieldjust east of Uvalde. The women\'s dormitory atSouthwest Texas Junior Collegein Uvalde bears Mrs. Garner\'s name.John Garner Middle School, located inSan Antonio\'sNorth East Independent School District, is also named after him.
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ANTI FRANKLIN ROOSEVELT FDR Slogan POLITICAL Pinback PIN Button BADGE Willkie :
$16.99