France, Jean Fouquet, Renaissance, painting, miniature, illuminator, Landry

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France, Jean Fouquet, Renaissance, painting, miniature, illuminator, Landry:
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Christianity; Catholic

Art

This medal has been minted to commemorate the French painter, manuscript illuminator, miniature painter, Jean (or Jehan) Fouquet, ca. 1416 – ca. 1481.

This medal has been designed by the French medalist, Anette LANDRY.

Jean (or Jehan) Fouquet (1420–1481) was a preeminent French painter of the 15th century, a master of both panel painting and manuscript illumination, and the apparent inventor of the portrait miniature. He was the first French artist to travel to Italy and experience first-hand the early Italian Renaissance.

av. Jean (or Jehan) Fouquet

rv. The kneeling person and the choir of the angels

diameter - 68 mm (2 ¾ “)

weight – 157.30 gr, (5.55 oz)

metal – bronze, beautiful mint patina

Life

Jean Fouquet was born in Tours. Little is known of his life, but it is certain that he was in Italy before 1447, where he executed a portrait of Pope Eugene IV who died in that year (the portrait survives only in much later copies). Upon his return to France, while retaining his purely French sentiment, he grafted the elements of the Tuscan style, which he had acquired during his period in Italy, upon the style of the Van Eycks, forming the basis of early 15th-century French art and becoming the founder of an important new school. He worked for the French court, including Charles VII, the treasurer Étienne Chevalier, and the chancellor Guillaume Jouvenel des Ursins. Near the end of his career, he became court painter to Louis XI. His work can be associated with the French court\'s attempt to solidify French national identity in the wake of its long struggle with England in the Hundred Years\' War.

Works

Jean\'s excellence as an illuminator, his precision in the rendering of the finest detail, and his power of clear characterization in work on this minute scale, have procured him an eminent position in the art of his country. His importance as a painter was fully realized when his portraits and altarpieces were for the first time brought together from various parts of Europe at the exhibition of the \"French Primitives\" held at the Bibliothèque Nationale in Paris.

One of Fouquet\'s most important paintings is the Melun Diptych (c. 1450), formerly in Melun cathedral. The left wing of the diptych depicts Étienne Chevalier with his patron saint St. Stephen (now in the Gemäldegalerie, Berlin) while the right wing shows a pale Virgin and Child surrounded by red and blue angels (Royal Museum of Fine Arts, Antwerp). Since at least the seventeenth century, the Virgin has been recognized as a portrait of Agnès Sorel.[4] The Louvre has his oil portraits of Charles VII, of Count Wilczek, and of Guillaume Jouvenel des Ursins, and a portrait drawing in crayon.

His self-portrait miniature is likely the earliest sole self-portrait surviving in Western art, if the 1433 portrait by Jan van Eyck—usually called Portrait of a Man or Portrait of a Man in a Turban—is not in fact a self-portrait, as most art historians believe it to be.

Far more numerous are his illuminated books and miniatures. The Musée Condé in Chantilly, Oise contains forty miniatures from the Hours of Étienne Chevalier, painted in 1461 for Chevalier. Fouquet also illuminated a copy of the Grandes Chroniques de France, for an unknown patron, either Charles VII or someone else at the royal court.[5][6] Also from Fouquet\'s hand are eleven of the fourteen miniatures illustrating a translation of Josephus at the Bibliothèque Nationale. The second volume of this manuscript, unfortunately with only one of the original thirteen miniatures, was discovered and bought in 1903 by Henry Yates Thompson at a London sale, and restored by him to France.

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Guillaume Fouquet

\"Guillaume Fouquet\" is thought by many to be the single male ancestor of the entire Fuqua family in America. He was mentioned in several records of Charles City County and Henrico County in the colony of Virginia.

Most of the Fuqua family genealogies which have been published are based on the \"Guillaume Fouquet\" information which was presented by Alya Dean Smith Irwin in her book Fuqua - A Fight For Freedom. The book is a monument to Irwin\'s dedication and determination to compile and publish her lineage. However, it is not the ultimate genealogical authority on \"Guillaume Fouquet\" or his seven alleged children.

During her research, Irwin and those who were assisting her identified many relevant colonial records. Those records were used to construct the presentation of \"Guillaume Fouquet\" and his family. The records were supplemented by the previous works of others, as well as assumptions which Irwin made to fill informational gaps. Much of that portion of her work was undocumented.

This is pointed out, not to be critical of Irwin\'s work, but to encourage family genealogists to separate proven information from speculation and assumptions, and to base their genealogies only on what can be proven.

What is really known about \"Guillaume Fouquet?\" When considering Guillaume Fouquet, it is necessary to start with his name. There is no known record which refers to him either as \"Guillaume\" or as \"Fouquet.\" Howard Jones, a descendant of Joseph Fuqua, a participant in some of the research for Irwin\'s book, and a former member of the board of directors of the Fuqua Family Foundation, wrote an excellent article on this subject. It was published in Volume 3, Number 3, of the Fuqua Foundation News. To read his article, click HERE.

Howard\'s article, which is based on the actual records, casts very serious doubt that our ancestor\'s name was Guillaume Fouquet. However, through common usage, it is probable that this name will continue to be used even though it is very likely erroneous.

Other \"Guillaume\" information which appeared in the book, such as his year of birth, seems to have been pure guesswork.