HISTORIC AUTOGRAPHS APPOMATTOX CIVIL WAR GENERAL LORENZO THOMAS SIGNED LETTER

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HISTORIC AUTOGRAPHS APPOMATTOX CIVIL WAR GENERAL LORENZO THOMAS SIGNED LETTER:
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Lorenzo ThomasFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaFor the American poet (born in 1944), seeLorenzo Thomas (poet).Lorenzo ThomasAdjutant General Lorenzo ThomasBornOctober 26, 1804
New Castle,DelawareDiedMarch 2, 1875(aged70)
Washington, D.C.Place of burialOak Hill Cemetery,Georgetown, Washington, D.C.AllegianceUnited States of America
UnionService/branchUnited States Army
Union ArmyYearsof service1823–1869RankBrigadier General
BrevetMajor GeneralBattles/warsAmerican Civil War

Lorenzo Thomas(October 26, 1804 – March 2, 1875) was a careerUnited States Armyofficer who wasAdjutant Generalof the Army at the beginning of theAmerican Civil War. After the war, he was appointed temporarySecretary of Warby PresidentAndrew Johnson, precipitating Johnson\'simpeachment.

Contents[hide]

1Early life
2Civil War
3Postbellum career
4See also
5Notes
6References
7External links

Early life[edit]

Thomas was born inNew Castle, Delaware. He graduated from theUnited States Military Academyin 1823, and was commissioned asecond lieutenantin the4th U.S. Infantry. He fought in theSeminole Warin Florida and, during theMexican-American War, he was the chief of staff to GeneralWilliam O. Butler. He received abrevetpromotion tolieutenant colonelforMonterrey, which was made permanent in 1852. From 1853 to 1861, he served as chief of staff to the commanding general of the U.S. Army,Winfield Scott.

Civil War[edit]The Situation
AHarper\'s Weeklycartoon gives a humorous breakdown of \"the situation\".Secretary of WarEdwin Stantonaims a cannon labeled \"Congress\" on the side at Thomas and PresidentAndrew Johnsonto show how he was using congress to defeat the president and his unsuccessful replacement. He also holds a rammer marked \"Office Bill\" and cannonballs on the floor are marked \"Justice\".Ulysses S. Grantand an unidentified man stand to Stanton\'s left.

Just before the start of the Civil War, Thomas was promoted tocoloneland adjutant general of the U.S. Army on March 7, 1861. On August 10, 1861, PresidentAbraham Lincolnappointed Thomas abrigadier generalin theregular army, to rank from August 3, 1861, the date Lincoln sent the nomination to theU.S. Senatefor confirmation.[1]The Senate confirmed the appointment on August 5, 1861.[1]Camp Thomas, aRegular Armytraining base inColumbus, Ohio, was named in his honor in July 1861. He held the position of adjutant general until he retired in 1869, except for a special assignment to recruit African-American troops in the Military Division of the Mississippi from 1863 to 1865.

Thomas did not get along well withSecretary of WarEdwin M. Stantonand this assignment outside of Washington, D.C., was considered a form of banishment. Many historians have claimed Thomas was banished in disgrace after conspiring to defame Union GeneralWilliam T. Shermanas insane.[2]Thomas was replaced by Maj. Gen.Edward D. Townsendas Adjutant General, who would serve until 1880.[3]

From March 17 to July 23, 1862, he served as the chairman of the War Board, the organization that assisted PresidentAbraham Lincolnand Secretary Stanton in the management of theWar Departmentand the command of theUnionarmies during the period in which there was no general-in-chief.

On April 6, 1863, General Thomas was sent by theWar DepartmenttoHelena, Arkansasto recruitfreedmeninto the U.S. Army. He created the first black troop in Arkansas, fighting for Union side as part ofBureau of Colored Troops, which was created by the War Department on May 22, 1863.[4][5]

On March 8, 1866, PresidentAndrew Johnsonnominated Thomas to the grade ofbrevetmajor generalin theregular army, to rank from March 13, 1865, and theU.S. Senateconfirmed the appointment on July 14, 1866.[6]

Postbellum career[edit]

On February 21, 1868, President Johnson attempted to replace Stanton by appointing Thomas as Secretary of Warad interim. Thomas, still stinging from his bad treatment by Stanton, boasted of his ability and determination to oust him from office by force, if necessary. Some historians believe that it was this attitude in his testimony at Johnson\'s impeachment trial in theSenatethat was partially responsible for Johnson\'s acquittal. Thomas retired from the Army on February 22, 1869, ten days before Johnson left office. He died in Washington, D.C., and is buried inOak Hill Cemetery,Georgetown.

Fort Thomas, a military post established inArizona Territoryin 1876, was named for Thomas.[7]

See also[edit]United States Army portalAmerican Civil War portal

List of American Civil War generalsNotes[edit]

^Jump up to:abEicher, John H., andDavid J. Eicher,Civil War High Commands.Stanford:Stanford University Press, 2001.ISBN 0-8047-3641-3. p. 717
Jump up^Boritt, p. 137.
Jump up^\"Obituary. Gen. Edward D. Townsend.\"New York Times, May 12, 1893. p. 5. Retrieved February 28, 2016.
Jump up^Warren, Steven L.\"Black Union Troops.\"Encyclopedia of Arkansas, February 28, 2014. Retrieved November 19, 2014.
Jump up^Whites-Koditschek, Sarah and Quantia Fletcher (slideshow).\"Civil War Exhibit Tells African American Story In Arkansas.\"www.ualrpublicradio.org, November 12, 2014. Retrieved November 19, 2014.
Jump up^Eicher, 2001, p. 709
Jump up^\"Arizona Forts: Fort Thomas February 28, 2016.

References[edit]

Eicher, John H., andDavid J. Eicher.Civil War High Commands. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2001.ISBN 0-8047-3641-3.
Warner, Ezra J.Generals in Blue: Lives of the Union Commanders. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1964.ISBN 0-8071-0822-7.

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