HADROSAUR Hadrosaurus Vertebrae Fossil 65 Million Years Old

When you click on links to various merchants on this site and make a purchase, this can result in this site earning a commission. Affiliate programs and affiliations include, but are not limited to, the eBay Partner Network.

HADROSAUR Hadrosaurus Vertebrae Fossil 65 Million Years Old:
$39.99

Up for offer is a Hadrosaur(duck-billed dinosaur) vertebrae. This is a 100% genuine fossil - it was found in western South Dakota. Hadrosaurwas from the late Cretaceous period, about 100-65 million years ago! This is a really neat gift for a fossil lover!

PLEASE NOTE: We appreciate the business of our international customers! We request that international buyers have signature confirmation tracking or insurance on their packages. PLEASE INFORM US when you make a purchase if you would like to add signature confirmation or insurance to your order, and we can let you know what the additional cost would be. Packages may still be shipped internationally without signature confirmation or insurance, but the buyer would assume responsibility if the package was lost or stolen. The buyer is responsible for any customs or duty fees that are charged by their country.

THANK YOU VERY MUCH FOR LOOKING! Check out the other items in our store at Put us on your favorite sellers list and watch our sales that end each Saturday!

I am so confident that you\'ll love this item that I offer a 100% money back guarantee - when you receive the item if you\'re not happy for any reason, send it back within 14 days and I\'ll refund your purchase price. THE MONEY BACK GUARANTEE IS NOT AVAILABLE FOR ITEMS THAT HAVE BEEN ALTERED IN ANY WAY BY THE BUYER. We are happy to combine shipping! I\'m also happy to hold off on shipping if you want to watch my sales for several weeks and then combine shipping in the same box.

HadrosauridFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaJump to: navigation, range: Late Cretaceous, 100–65.5 Ma PreЄЄOSDCPTJKPgNMounted skeleton of Parasaurolophus cyrtocristatus, Field Museum of Natural HistoryScientific classification 1869Type species†Hadrosaurus foulkii
Leidy, 1858Synonyms

Trachodontidae Lydekker, 1888
Saurolophidae Brown, 1914
Lambeosauridae Parks, 1923
Cheneosauridae Lull & Wright, 1942

Hadrosaurids or duck-billed dinosaurs are members of the family Hadrosauridae, and include ornithopods such as Edmontosaurus and Parasaurolophus. They were common herbivores in the Upper Cretaceous Period of what are now Asia, Europe and North America. They are descendants of the Upper Jurassic/Lower Cretaceous iguanodontian dinosaurs and had similar body layout. They were ornithischians.

Hadrosaurids are divided into two principal subfamilies. The lambeosaurines (Lambeosaurinae) had hollow cranial crests or tubes, and were generally less bulky. The saurolophines, identified as hadrosaurines in most pre-2010 works (Saurolophinae or Hadrosaurinae), lacked hollow cranial crests (solid crests were present in some forms) and were generally larger.

Contents[hide]

1 Characteristics
2 Cranial differences between subfamilies
3 Discoveries
4 Classification
- 4.1 Taxonomy
- 4.2 Phylogeny
- 4.3 Saurolophine cladogram
- 4.4 Lambeosaurine cladogram
5 Paleobiology
- 5.1 Diet
- 5.2 Reproduction
  - 5.2.1 In the Dinosaur Park Formation
- 5.3 Development
- 5.4 Daily activity patterns
6 Ichnology
7 References
8 External links

[edit] Characteristics Edmontosaurus skull, Oxford University Museum of Natural History

The hadrosaurs are known as the duck-billed dinosaurs due to the similarity of their head to that of modern ducks. In some genera, most notably Anatotitan, the whole front of the skull was flat and broadened out to form a beak, ideal for clipping leaves and twigs from the forests of Asia, Europe and North America. However, the back of the mouth contained thousands of teeth suitable for grinding food before it was swallowed. This has been hypothesized to have been a crucial factor in the success of this group in the Cretaceous, compared to the sauropods which were still largely dependent on gastroliths for grinding their food.

In 2009, paleontologist Mark Purnell conducted a study into the chewing methods and diet of hadrosaurids from the Late Cretaceous period. By analyzing hundreds of microscopic scratches on the teeth of a fossilized Edmontosaurus jaw, the team determined hadrosaurs had a unique way of eating unlike any creature living today. In contrast to a flexible lower jaw joint prevalent in today\'s mammals, hadrosaurs had a unique hinge between the upper jaws and the rest of its skull. The team found the dinosaur\'s upper jaws pushed outwards and sideways while chewing, as the lower jaw slid against the upper teeth.