Judaica Antique Jewish Signature by Rabbi CHAIM PALAGI - HAIM PALACHI.

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Judaica Antique Jewish Signature by Rabbi CHAIM PALAGI - HAIM PALACHI.:
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Haim PalachiFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaHakham Bashi
Haim PalachiTomb of Haim Palachi inİzmir,TurkeyBornḤayyim ben Jacob Pallache
January 28, 1788
Smyrna(İzmir)DiedFebruary 10, 1868(aged80) (Hebrew calendar 17 Shvat 5628)
Smyrna(İzmir)Burial placeBahri Baba Jewish cemetery, Izmir; relocated to Gürçeşme cemetery, 86-116 Gürçeşme Caddesi, IzmirOthernamesalternative spellings: Haim Palacci, Ḥayyim Pallache, Hayim Palacci, Hayyim Palaggi, Chaim Palagi; also Palache, FalajiYearsactive1813–1868 (death)EraTanzimatperiodNotable workTokhahot Hayyim(Reproofs of Life)Spouse(s)Esther PalacciChildrenAbraham, Yitzak/Isaac (Rahamim Nissim),JosephParent(s)Jacob Pallache, Kali Kaden HazenFamilyPallache familyAwardsMecidiye OrderThird Class

Haim Palachi(Hebrew:חיים פלאג\'י‎‎Yiddish:חיים פאלאדזשי‎; Acronym: MaHaRHaF or HaVIF) (January 28, 1788– February 10, 1868)[1]was aJewish-Turkishchief rabbi ofSmyrna(İzmir) and author inLadino[2]and Hebrew. His titles includedHakham Bashi[3]andGaon.[4][5]He is likely a descendant ofSamuel Pallacheof 16th-Century Fez and early 17th-Century Amsterdam. He was also father of grand rabbisAbraham Palacciand Isaac Palacci (Rahamim Nissim Palacci) and rabbiJoseph Palacci. He was a member of thePallache family.

(Alternative spellings include: Hayim Palachi,[6]Hayyim Pallache,[3]Hayyim Palache,[7][8]Haim Palacci,[9][17]Hayyim Palaggi (and Falaji),[18]Chaim Palagi,[19][20]and Haim Palatchi with mother Kaden and date of death 17 Shvat 5628.[21])

Pallache was born inİzmir, Turkey, then known internationally asSmyrna, part of the Ottoman Empire. His parents were Jacob Pallache (a rabbi andkabbalist) and Kali Kaden Hazan. His maternal grandfather wasJoseph Raphael ben Hayyim Hazzan(1741-1820), chief rabbi of İzmir.[3]He studied under his grandfather and also Isaac ben Elyakim Gatigno.[1]

CareerEarly years

By 1813, aged 25, Palacci was already a rabbi. In 1828, aged 40, he became head of the Bet Yaakovrabbinical seminary.[3]

In 1837 or 1838, he became head of a religious court and then becamedayan(jurist),marbiš torah(teacher of Torah), andrav korel(head rabbi).[1][3]

By 1854 or 1856, he had becomeHakham BashiorChief Rabbi) of Smyrna, appointed by SultanAbdülmecid Iduring theTanzimatperiod. He served as chief rabbi until his death in 1868.[1][3]

In 1864, he received award ofMecidiye Order, third class.[1][22]

In 1867, he received a Greek Orthodox delegation:

SMYRNA.—Interchange of Visits.—We are happy to learn that a most friendly feeling prevails at Smyrna among the ecclesiastical heads of the several religious bodies. The Greek Archbishop, accompanied by his clergy, lately went to pay a visit to the Chief Rabbi, Haim Palacci. He was received with all the honors due to his rank. The Archbishop told the rabbi that a similar visit would be paid by the Greek Patriarch of Constantinople to the Chief Rabbi of the capital. This friendly understanding was brought about by the generous act of the Jews who bought six bells carried away by the Turks from Candia and presented them to the clergy of Smyrna, with the request to restore them to the churches whence they had been carried away.[23]

Murder (1859)[edit]

Following a murder on March 17, 1859, local police apprehended a Greek meat butcher and Jewish broker as suspects. Rav Hayim Palaçi (as his name appears in modern Turkish) wrote to BaronLionel de Rothschildfor support and protection. He also write a liturgy, in which he stated \"Müslüman Türkler Yahudilere inanıp güveniyorlar.\" (\"Muslim Turks believe and rely on Jews.\").[5]

\"Haim Palacci Dispute\"[edit]

By 1865, attempts by secular leaders of Izmir\'s Jewish community to exploit Palachi\'s declining health led to communal conflict.[1]

Historian D. Gershon Lewental describes the conflict as follows. In November 1865, an administrative committee forced Pallache to accept is oversight, after which a group of lay leaders purchased at reduced cost the concession for gabelle tax on kosher food and alcohol. The concessionaires refused audit; Pallache repealed the tax completely. The concessionaires went over Pallache as Izmir\'shakham bashito the regional head (hakham bashi kayakami), whose representative conducted an investigation that recommended Pallache\'s removal in favor of himself (the representative). The Ottoman government accepted the recommendation. Widespread opposition to the Ottoman decision led to delay, repeal, and finally reinstitution of Pallache by October 1867. Pallache agreed to some reforms but died before they took effect.[1]

HistorianStanford J. Shawdescribes the conflict in his bookThe Jews of the Ottoman Empire and the Turkish Republic(1991). He recounts that Palacci was more conservative than other religious leaders during theTanzimatperiod. However, the dispute started in November 1865, when other members of the Jewish religious council speculated on thegabelle(food tax) on wine, alcohol, and salt; Palacci annulled the tax. In December 1866,Yakir Geron, grand rabbi ofAdrianople, intervened by sending an emissary, rabbiSamuel Danonto resolve the matter; he recommended that Geron dismiss Palacci (and appoint himself, Danon, instead). Jewish members of the Izmir community asked theirvali(governor) to hold off, while they sent a mission to Istanbul. The decision that came back was to appoint Palacci as chief rabbi for life.[9](A longer description appeared in the FrenchL\'Histoire des Israelites de l\'Empire Ottomanby Moïse Franco in 1897.[24])

Personal and death[edit]

Palachi had three sons: Abraham, Isaac, and Joseph, all three of whom were rabbis and the first two of whom succeeded him as grand rabbi.[1]

He was conservative in his views and opposed innovations, e.g., adoption of European dress.[1]

He died on February 10, 1868. \"His funeral hearse was attended by all of the city\'s dignitaries.\"[1]escorted by a battalion of troops, an honor given by the Turkish authorities to only two or threechief rabbis.[1]

Legacy[edit]\"Haim Palacci Dispute\"[edit]

The Pallache dispute (above) led to a fifty-year delay in implementation of the Organic Statute of 1865 [sic – (1856?)] in Izmir, according to Shaw.[1]

Succession[edit]

Some dispute arose over Palachi\'s succession. A minority in the local community championed Rabbi Joseph Hakim of Manissa to succeed. A majority wanted son Abraham to succeed him, including Jews with foreign citizenship. Abraham succeeded his father on October 7, 1869.[1]

Second son Isaac (Rahamim Nissim) succeeded his brother Abraham.[1]

Third son Joseph was unable to succeed his brothers because his age he was too young (in this case, under the age of seventy-five).[1]

Personal reputation[edit]

Journey into Jewish Heritage states:

Rabbi Haim Palaggi... was the \'Haham Bashi\' of Izmir in the middle of the 19th century, and founder of the \'Beit Hillel\' Synagogue andbeit madras(study hall). He was very knowledgeable, and received letters from all over the world with questions about Halacha. He wrote 82 books addressing important issues in Jewish life. The community today is very proud of his legacy, and speak of him with great respect. In the synagogue, when his name is mentioned or cited, the congregation stands up and bows with respect.[25]

Turkish Jews still refer to his writings and opinions in their ceremonies and writings, particularlytr:Rav İzak Alalufintr:Şalomnewspaper: style=\"margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;\">His rabbinical opinions continue to receive attention worldwide today, e.g., his 1869 opinion \"On the Possibilities of Synagogue Reform: An Ottoman Rabbi\'s Answer to a Query in Paris,\" reprinted in 2014.[8]

He has been called aGaonin memory of theGeonim, e.g., \"And the Lion of the gaonim, the elderly Gaon Chaim Palaji of Izmir...\"[4]and a \"19th century living Gaon.\"[5]

Pilgrimage gravesite[edit]

A main attraction of Gurcesme is \"the grave of Rabbi Palaggi, which was moved to this cemetery from its original burial place, in the 1920\'s... and people from all over the world come to pray at his grave\" as \"pilgrimage to Rabbi Palaggi\'s grave.\"[35][40]

Journey into Jewish Heritage (Zalman ShazarCenter) recommends that \"Rabbi Haim Palaggi\'s grave should be marked as a landmark for orientation, and the building of a pergola should be considered for the visitors’ comfort.\"[41][42]

Palacci\'s grave lies in Plot B.4. It is one of the graves \"brought over from the old cemetery and put in between the existing graves. This is the reason why the grave is at right angles to all the rest.\"[43][44]

Synagogue[edit]

A synagogue in Izmir is named after him (Beth Hillel Synagogue according to Shaw,[9]Beyt Hillel Pallache according to Lewental[1]) or his son Abraham.

According to Jewish Izmir Heritage, \"In the 19th century, Rabbi Avraham Palache founded in his home a synagogue named Beit Hillel, after the philanthropist from Bucharest who supported the publication of Rabbi Palache\'s books. However, the name \'Avraham Palache Synagogue\' was also used by the community.\"[45]This synagogue forms a cluster of eight extant (from a recorded peak of 34 in the 19th Century), all adjacent or in theKemeraltıÇaršisi (Kemeraltı marketplace) in Izmir. The heritage organization states, \"Izmir is the only city in the world in which an unusual cluster of synagogues bearing a typical medieval Spanish architectural style is preserved ...[and] creating an historical architectural complex unique in the world.\"[46]

In its record, Journey into Jewish Heritage calls the Beit Hillel synagogue \"Avraham Palaggi\'s synagogue\" but then states that \"the synagogue was founded by Palaggi Family in 1840\" and that Rav Avraham Palaggi \"used\" it. \"The building had been used as a synagogue and aBeit Midrash. The synagogue has not been used since 1960\'s.\" It concludes, \"The synagogue was founded by the Palaggi family and is therefore very important.\"[47]

Beit Hillel Yeshiva[edit]

Journey into Jewish Heritage states that Palacci founded theBeit HillelYeshivain the middle of the 19th century.[48]Current sources are unclear, but it is likely the same as theBeit Midrashmentioned above.[47]

Bnei Brak yeshiva[edit]

A seminary was named in Palachi\'s honor inBnei Brak, Israel.[1]

Family members[edit]

An index for Abraham Galante\'sHistoire des Juifs de Torque(Jews of Turkey)[2]includes the following details about Palacci family members:

Samuel Palacci, died 1732, \"among the most ancient graves inKuşadasıcemetery\"[2]

[...]

Isaac Palacci, brother of Haim[2]Haim Palacci(1788–1869) (\"Effendi\"), chief rabbi, member of Communal Council in Istanbul, died February 9, 1869[2]Abraham Palacci(1809–1899), funded for Beit Hilel yeshiva 1840, chief rabbi 1869, died 1899[2]Salomon Palacci, eldest son of Abraham, whose candidacy for grand rabbi failed[2]Nissim Palacci, son of Abraham, who supported his brother Salomon for grand rabbi[2]Isaac Palacci, son of Haim[2]a.k.a.Rahamim Nissim Palacci(1813–1907), grand rabbi after Haim and Abraham and author of Avot harosh at Isaac Samuel Segura printing house Izmir 1869[2]Joseph Palacci(1819–1896), printed book Yosef et ehav at Mordekhai Isaac Barki printinghouse in Izmir 1896[2]

[...]

Benjamin Palacci1890, later rabbi inTire(a district of Izmir)[2]Hilel Palacci, member of Izmir communal council 1929–1933[2]Jacob Palacci, director of choir Choeur des Maftirim in Istanbul 19th-20th century[2]Nissim Palacci, helped Jewish Hospital Istanbul early 20th Century, member of Galata community committee 1928–1931, member Haskeuy community committee 1935–1939[2]

(The first name \"Nissim\" appears with \"Palacci\" four times in the Galante index cited. Specifically, it names Nissim ben Abraham ben Haim and Nissim ben Isaac (ben Jacob and brother of Haim), but the other two mentions of \"Nissim\" have no patronymic or clear reference to other family members. The Nissim of 1928-1931 and 1935–1939 must a third person, as the previous must have died by then. Unassigned are the details for a Nissim who was \"ca1895:Member of First Instance Court in Izmir.\"[2])

Works[edit]

Palacci began writing at the age of sixteen and wrote more than 70[22]or 80 religious works, published in Salonica, Istanbul, Jerusalem, and Izmir.[3]Of these, he wrote: 7 works on the Bible, nine essays on the Talmud, 15 books of Midrash and homiletics, moral books, and 24 connected to law, acceptance, Q&A, and other subjects. Some of his works were handwritten. Many remain in print (reprinted) to this day.

Major works named in transliterated English[3]include:

Tokhahot Hayyim(Reproofs of Life)
Collected homilies
Hayyim be-Yad, halachic responsa
Nishmat Kol Hay(Soul of Every Living Thing) (2 volumes, 1832–1837), responsa
Massa HayyimorMasa Hayim(Burden of Life) (1834)–in Ladino[6]
Responses on taxation (1877)
Arsot ha-Hayyim(Lands of the Living) (1877)
Qol ha-Hayyim
Mo\'ed le-Khol Hay(Appointed Place for All Living, laws of the festivals
Hiqeqe Lev(Resolves of the Heart) (2 vols., Salonica, 1840–49), responsa
Kaf ha-Hayyim(Power of Life), halachic rulings and morals

Other works found named in transliterated English include:

Sefer Shoshanim Le’David(Salonica, 1815), halachic response[48][49]
Darche Hayyim \'al Pirke Abot(Smyrna, 1821), commentary onPirke Avot
Leb Hayyim(vol. i, Salonica, 1823; ii.-iii., Smyrna, 1874-90), responsa and comments on theShulchan Aruch
De-Rahamim le-Hayyim
Semichah le-Hayyim(Salonica, 1826)
Tsedakah Hayyim(Smyrna, 1838)
Tochahat Hayyim(2 vols., ib. 1840-53), moral counsel and sermons
Ateret Hayyim
Yimmatse le-Hayyim, prayers for different needs
Nefesh Hayyim(ib. 1842)
Torah ve-Hayyim
Hayyim Tehillah
Treatises on various subjects plus eulogy of SirMoses Montefiorewith appendix \"Derachav le-Mosheh\" onDamascus affair(ib. 1845)
Hayyim Derachav(ib. 1850)
Hayyim la-Roshe
Re\'e Hayyim(3 vols., ib. 1860)
Hayyim ve-Shalom(Smyrna, 1862)
Katub le-Hayyim
Sippur Hayyim
Birkat Mordekai le-Hayyim(ib. 1868)
Sefer Hayyim(Salonica, 1868)
Ginze Hayyim(Smyrna, 1872)
Eine Kol Hai\'(Izmir, 1878, photo[50])
Refuat Hayyim, spiritual remedies for diseases
Mismatch Hayyim, on significance of names