KALCHEDON in BITHYNIA 340BC BULL Authentic Ancient Silver Greek Coin i53746
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KALCHEDON in BITHYNIA 340BC BULL Authentic Ancient Silver Greek Coin i53746:
$26.00
Item: i53746
Authentic Ancient Coin of:
Greek city of Kalchedon inBithynia
Silver Hemidrachm 12mm (2.99 grams) Struck circa 340-320 B.C.
Reference: HGC 7, 518; Sear 3739; B.M.C. 13.125,10; SNG Black Sea 118-123
Bull standing left standing on grain ear; KAΛXabove.
Stippled incuse square of \"mill-sail\" pattern.
The cow is a fertility symbol ofEuboean origin.
A colony of Megara, founded earlyin the 7th century B.C., Kalchedon was situated on the Asiatic side of theBosporus, almost opposite Byzantion. Its history and coinage were closely linkedwith its more important Euboean neighbor.
You are offerding on the exact item pictured,provided with a Certificate of Authenticity and Lifetime Guarantee ofAuthenticity.
Chalcedon was an ancient maritime town ofBithynia, inAsia Minor, almost directly oppositeByzantium, south ofScutari (modern Üsküdar). It is now a districtof the city of Istanbul namedKadıköy. The name is a variant of Calchedon, found on all the coins ofChalcedon as well as in manuscripts ofHerodotus\'s Histories,Xenophon\'s Hellenica,Arrian\'s Anabasis, and other works. Almost noaboveground vestiges of the ancient city survive in Kadıköy today; artifactsuncovered at Altıyol and other excavation sites are on display at theIstanbul Archaeological Museum.
The site of Chalcedon is located on a small peninsula on the north coast ofthe Sea of Marmara, near the mouth of theBosphorus. A stream, called the Chalcis orChalcedon in antiquityand now known as the Kurbağalıdere (Turkish: stream with frogs), flowsinto Fenerbahçe bay. There Greek colonists fromMegara inAttica founded the settlement of Chalcedon in685 BC, some seventeen years before Byzantium.
The Greek name of the ancient town is from its Phoenician name, meaning \"NewTown\", as is the name ofCarthage.
PrehistoryThe mound of Fikirtepe has yielded remains dating to theChalcolithic period (5500-3500 BC) and attestto a continuous settlement since prehistoric times.Phoenicians were active traders in this area.
Pliny states that Chalcedon was first named Procerastis, a name which may bederived from a point of land near it: then it was named Colpusa, from the formof the harbour probably; and finally Caecorum Oppidum, or the town of the blind.
Megariancolony Funerary stele from the 1st century BC.It was a Megarian colony founded on a site that wasviewed at the time as so obviously inferior to that which was within view on theopposite shore (these being the small Lygos and Semistra settlements on Seragliopoint), that the Persian generalMegabazus is said to have remarked thatChalcedon\'s founders must have been blind. Indeed, Strabo and Pliny relate thatthe oracle of Apollo had told the Athenians and Megarians who founded Byzantiumto build their city opposite to the blind, and that the story was interpreted tomean Chalcedon, the \'City of the Blind\'.
Chalcedon, however, was a flourishing town in which trade thrived. Itcontained many temples, including one ofApollo, which had an oracle. Chalcedonia, theterritory dependent upon Chalcedon, stretched up the Anatolian bank of theBosphorus at least as far as the temple ofZeus Urius, now the site ofYoros Castle, and may have included the northbank of the Bay ofAstacus which extends towardsNicomedia. Important villages in Chalcedoniaincluded Chrysopolis[9](the modern Üsküdar) and Panteicheion (Pendik).Strabo notes that \"a little above the sea\" in Chalcedonia, there lies \"thefountain Azaritia, which contains small crocodiles.\"
In its early history it shared the fortunes of Byzantium, was taken by thesatrapOtanes, vacillated long between theLacedaemonian and theAthenian interests.Darius\' bridge of boats, built in 512 BC forthe Scythian campaign, extended from Chalcedonia toThrace. Chalcedon was included within thekingdom of Bithynia, whose kingNicomedes willed Bithynia to the Romans uponhis death in 74 BC.
Romancity Bithynia as a province of the Roman Empire, 120 ADThe city was partly destroyed byMithridates. The governor of Bithynia, Cotta,had fled to Chalcedon for safety along with thousands of other Romans. Threethousand of them were killed, sixty ships captured, and four ships destroyed inMithridates\' assault on the city.
During the Empire, Chalcedon recovered, and was given the status of a freecity. It fell under the repeated attacks of thebarbarian hordes who crossed over after havingravaged Byzantium, including some referred to as Scythians who attacked duringthe reign of Valerian and Gallienus in themid 3rd century.
Byzantineand Ottoman suburb Small silver jug from Chalcedon.Chalcedon suffered somewhat from its proximity to the new imperial capital atConstantinople. First the Byzantines and laterthe Ottoman Turks used it as a quarry for buildingmaterials forConstantinople\'s monumental structuresChalcedon also fell repeatedly to armies attacking Constantinople from the east.
In 361 AD it was the location of theChalcedon tribunal, whereJulian the apostate brought his enemies totrial.
In 451 AD anecumenical council of Christian leadersconvened here. TheCouncil of Chalcedon defined the human anddivine natures of Jesus and provoked the schism with the churchescomposingOriental Orthodoxy.
The generalBelisarius may have spent his years ofretirement on his estate of Rufinianae in Chalcedonia.
Beginning in 616 and for at least a decade thereafter, Chalcedon furnished anencampment to thePersians underChosroes II[(cf.Siege of Constantinople (626)). It later fellfor a time to the Arabs underYazid (cf.Siege of Constantinople (674)).
Chalcedon was badly damaged during theFourth Crusade (1204). It came definitivelyunderOttoman rule underOrhan Gazi a century before theOttoman conquest of Nicetas of Chalcedon
Chalcedon was anepiscopal see at an early date.
Several Christianmartyrs are associated with Chalcedon:
- The virgin St. Euphemia and her companions in the early fourth century; the cathedral of Chalcedon was consecrated to her.
- St. Sabel the Persian and his companions.
The FourthEcumenical Council, known as theCouncil of Chalcedon, was convened in 451.
After the council, Chalcedon became ametropolitan see, but without suffragans. Thereis a list of its bishops inLe Quien,[15]completed byAnthimus Alexoudes, revised for the earlyperiod byPargoire. Among others are:
- St. Adrian, a martyr;
- St. John, Sts. Cosmas and Nicetas, during the Iconoclastic period;
- Maris, the Arian;
- Heraclianus, who wrote against the Manichæans and the Monophysites;
- Leo, persecuted by Alexius of Chalcedon holds senior rank(currently third position) within theGreek Orthodox patriarchal synod of Constantinople.The incumbent is Metropolitan Athanasios Papas. The cathedral is that ofSt. Euphemia.
After theGreat Schism, Latin church retainedChalcedon as a titular see, suffragan ofNicomedia. Le Quien[18]mentions eight Latin bishops, from 1345 to 1443;Eubel[19]has ten names, from 1293 to 1525. Five other titular bishops of the sixteenthcentury are mentioned in the Revue bénédictine.[20][21]The titular see of Chalcedon was officially givento the Roman Catholic Bishop of England and Wales after 1623. The first two suchbishops were William Bishop (1623–24) and Richard Smith (1624–32). The lastappointment to this Latintitular see dates to 1967.
TheArmenian Catholic titular see has beensuppressed. Its last occupant as also that of theSyrian Catholic titular see dates to the 1950s.
Notablepeople- Boethus (2nd century BC), Greek sculptor
- Herophilos (2nd century BC), Greek physician
- Phaleas of Chalcedon (4th century BC), Greek statesman
- Thrasymachus (5th century BC), Greek sophist
- Xenocrates (4th century BC), Greek philosopher
- List of traditional Greek place names
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KALCHEDON in BITHYNIA 340BC BULL Authentic Ancient Silver Greek Coin i53746:
$26.00