KRIS Minangkabau Sumatra dagger SWORD keris indonesia tribal art weapon knife

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KRIS Minangkabau Sumatra dagger SWORD keris indonesia tribal art weapon knife:
$175.00

kris (keris)minangkabaufrom Indonesia. Indonesian keris (kris) sword. I\'m selling a collection of old Indonesia goods, mainly weapons and statues. This one was labelled \"sumatraanseminangkabau kris\", so I assume its origin isSumatra, Indonesia.
I found for minangkabau: ....

Minangkabau people (Minangkabau: Urang Minang; Indonesian: Suku Minang; Arab Melayu: اورڠ مينڠ), also known as Minang, are an ethnic group indigenous to the Minangkabau Highlands of West Sumatra, Indonesia. The Minangkabau are the largest matrilineal society in the world, with property, family name and land passing down from mother to daughter,[5] while religious and political affairs are the responsibility of men, although some women also play important roles in these areas. This custom is called Lareh Bodi Caniago and is known as Adat perpatih in Malaysia. Today 4.2million Minangs live in the homeland of West Sumatra, while about 60% of the people are scattered throughout many Indonesian and Malay Peninsular cities and towns.

The Minangkabau are famous for their dedication to education, as well as the widespread diaspora of their men throughout southeast Asia, the result being that Minangs have been disproportionately successful in gaining positions of economic and political power throughout the region. The co-founder of the Republic of Indonesia, Mohammad Hatta, was a Minang, as were the first President of Singapore, Yusof bin Ishak, and the first Supreme Head of State or Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia, Tuanku Abdul Rahman.

The Minangkabau are strongly Islamic, but also follow their ethnic traditions, or adat. The Minangkabau adat was derived from animist and Hindu-Buddhist beliefs before the arrival of Islam, and remnants of animist beliefs still exist even among some practising Muslims. The present relationship between Islam and adat is described in the saying \"tradition [adat] founded upon Islamic law, Islamic law founded upon the Qur\'an\" (adat basandi syara\', syara\' basandi Kitabullah).

As one of the world\'s most populous (as well as politically and economically influential) matrilineal ethnicities, Minangkabau gender dynamics have been extensively studied by anthropologists. The adat (Minangkabau: Adaik) traditions have allowed Minangkabau women to hold a relatively advantageous position in their society compared to most patriarchal societies, as most property and other economic assets pass though female lines. With the arrival of the Dutch and other Muslim groups, the traditions have been gradually influenced by both western and conservative Islamic thought

The name Minangkabau has been falsely thought to be a conjunction of two words, mAnang (\"victorious\") and kabau (\"buffalo\"). There is allegedly a legend that the name is derived from a territorial dispute between the Minangkabau and a neighbouring prince. To avoid a battle, the local people proposed a fight to the death between two water buffalo to settle the dispute. The prince agreed and produced the largest, meanest, most aggressive buffalo. The Minangkabau produced a hungry baby buffalo with its small horns ground to be as sharp as knives. Seeing the adult buffalo across the field, the baby ran forward, hoping for milk. The big buffalo saw no threat in the baby buffalo and paid no attention to it, looking around for a worthy opponent. But when the baby thrust his head under the big bull\'s belly, looking for an udder, the sharpened horns punctured and killed the bull, and the Minangkabau won the contest and the dispute.

Actually, the word \'victorious\' in Minangkabau Language is \'manang\', not \'minang\'. The word \'minang\' actually means consuming pinang. But there hasn\'t been any popular explanation on the word \'minang\' that relates to consuming pinang to the word water buffalo.

The roofline of traditional houses in West Sumatra, called Rumah Gadang (Minangkabau, \"big house\"), curve upward from the middle and end in points, in imitation of the water buffalo\'s upward-curving horns.

The first mention of the name Minangkabau as Minanga Tamwan, is in the late 7th century Kedukan Bukit inscription, describing Sri Jayanasa sacred journey from Minanga Tamwan accompanied with 20.000 soldiers heading to Matajap and conquering several areas in the southern of Sumatra...

The traditional historiography or tambo of the Minangkabau tells of the development of the Minangkabau World (alam Minangkabau) and its adat. These stories are derived from an oral history which was transmitted between generations before the Minangkabau had a written language. The first Minangkabau are said to have arrived by ship and landed on Mount Marapi when it was no bigger than the size of an egg, which protruded from a surrounding body of water. After the waters receded the Minangkabau proliferated and dispersed to the slopes and valleys surrounding the volcano, a region called the darek. The darek is composed of three luhak – Tanah Datar, Agam and Limapuluh Koto. The tambo claims the ship was sailed by a descendant of Alexander the Great (Iskandar Zulkarnain).[17]

Minangkabau house and rice barns.

A division in Minangkabau adat into two systems is said to be the result of conflict between two half-brothers Datuak Katumangguangan and Datuak Parpatiah nan Sabatang, who were the leaders who formulated the foundations of Minangkabau adat. The former accepted Adityawarman, a prince from Majapahit, as a king while the latter considered him a minister, and a civil war ensued. The Bodi Caniago/Adat perpatih system formulated by Datuak Parpatiah nan Sabatang is based upon egalitarian principles with all panghulu (clan chiefs) being equal while the Koto Piliang /Adat Katumangguangan system is more autocratic with there being a hierarchy of panghulu. Each village (nagari) in the darek was an autonomous \"republic\", and governed independently of the Minangkabau kings using one of the two adat systems. After the darek was settled, new outside settlements were created and ruled using the Koto Piliang system by rajo who were representatives of the king.[17]

Culture[edit] Minangkabau women clad in traditional Minang costumes.

Minangkabau have large corporate descent groups, but they traditionally reckon descent matrilineally.[18] A young boy, for instance, has his primary responsibility to his mother\'s and sisters\' clans.[18] It is considered \"customary\" and ideal for married sisters to remain in their parental home, with their husbands having a sort of visiting status. Not everyone lives up to this ideal, however.[18] In the 1990s, anthropologist Evelyn Blackwood studied a relatively conservative village[citation needed] in Sumatra Barat where only about 22 percent of the households were \"matrihouses\", consisting of a mother and a married daughter or daughters.[18] Nonetheless, there is a shared ideal among Minangkabau in which sisters and unmarried lineage members try to live close to one another or even in the same house.[18]

Landholding is one of the crucial functions of the suku (female lineage unit). Because Minangkabau men, like Acehnese men, often migrate to seek experience, wealth, and commercial success, the women\'s kin group is responsible for maintaining the continuity of the family and the distribution and cultivation of the land.[18] These family groups, however, are typically led by a penghulu (headman), elected by groups of lineage leaders.[18] With the agrarian base of the Minangkabau economy in decline, the suku—as a landholding unit—has also been declining somewhat in importance, especially in urban areas.[18] Indeed, the position of penghulu is not always filled after the death of the incumbent, particularly if lineage members are not willing to bear the expense of the ceremony required to install a new penghulu.[18]

The Minangs are the world\'s largest matrilineal society; properties such as land and houses are inherited through female lineage and guarded by clanmen. This custom is called Adat perpatih. Some scholars argue that this might have caused the diaspora (Minangkabau, \"merantau\") of Minangkabau males throughout the Maritime Southeast Asia to become scholars or to seek fortune as merchants. However, the native Minangkabaus agreed that this matrilineal culture is indeed the result of (not the reason for) diaspora. With their men travelling out of the country for unspecified time (with possibility of some of them not returning home), it is only logical[citation needed] to hand the land and property to those who do not have to leave it: The women. This also ensures the women\'s (meaning: mothers of the future generations\') welfare and hence ensuring their offsprings welfare. Besides, native Minangkabaus argue that \"Men can live anywhere and hence they do not need a house like women do\". The concept of matrilineal can be seen from the naming of important museums such as \"The house where Buya Hamka was born\" by Maninjau Lake. It has never been and never will be Buya Hamka\'s house because it was his mother\'s house and passed down only to his sisters. Another museum in Bukit Tinggi was called by the locals: \"Muhammad Hatta\'s Mom\'s house\" where you will see that Muhammad Hatta (the Indonesia\'s Independence Proclamator) only had a room outside of the house, albeit attached to it.[citation needed]

Minangkabau men in traditional Minangkabau clothes.

As early as the age of 7, boys traditionally leave their homes and live in a surau (a prayer house and community centre) to learn religious and cultural (adat) teachings. At the surau during night time (after the Isyak prayers), these youngsters are taught the traditional Minankabau art of self-defence, which is Silek, or Silat in Malay. When they are teenagers, they are encouraged to leave their hometown to learn from schools or from experiences out of their hometown so that when they are adults they can return home wise and \'useful\' for the society and can contribute their thinking and experience to run the family or nagari (hometown) when they sit as the member of \'council of uncles\'. This tradition has created Minang communities in many Indonesian cities and towns, which nevertheless are still tied closely to their homeland; a state in Malaysia named Negeri Sembilan is heavily influenced by Minang culture because Negeri Sembilan was originally Minangkabau\'s colony.[19]

The traditions of sharia—in which inheritance laws favour males— and indigenous female-oriented adat are often depicted as conflicting forces in Minangkabau society.[18] The male-oriented sharia appears to offer young men something of a balance against the dominance of law in local villages, which forces a young man to wait passively for a marriage proposal from some young woman\'s family.[18] By acquiring property and education through merantau experience, a young man can attempt to influence his own destiny in positive ways.[18]

Minangkabau knife fencing dancers (Tukang Mancak) on the west coast of Sumatra, 1897.

Increasingly, married couples go off on merantau; in such situations, the woman\'s role tends to change.[18] When married couples reside in urban areas or outside the Minangkabau region, women lose some of their social and economic rights in property. One apparent consequence is an increased likelihood of divorce.[18]

Minangkabau were prominent among the intellectual figures in the Indonesian independence movement.[18] Not only were they strongly Islamic (meaning: Their religious belief is different from the occupying Protestant Dutch), and like every other Sumatran: They are culturally and naturally proud people, they also have traditional belief of egalitarianism of \"Standing as tall, sitting as low\" (that no body stand or sit on an increased stage), they speak a language closely related to Bahasa Indonesia, which was considerably freer of hierarchical connotations than Javanese.[18] Partly because of their tradition of merantau, Minangkabau developed a cosmopolitan bourgeoisie that readily adopted and promoted the ideas of an emerging nation-state.[18]

Due to their culture that stresses the importance of learning, Minang people are over-represented in the educated professions in Indonesia, with many ministers from Minang.[20]

In addition to being renowned as merchants, the Minangs have produced some of Indonesia\'s most influential poets, writers, statesmen, scholars, and religious scholars. Being fervent Muslims, many of them embraced the idea of incorporating Islamic ideals into modern society. Furthermore, the presence of these intellectuals combined with the people\'s basically proud character, made the Minangkabau homeland (the province of West Sumatra) one of the powerhouses in the Indonesian struggle for independence.[citation needed]

Ceremonies and festivals Women carrying platters of food to a ceremony.

Minangkabau ceremonies and festivals include:

Turun mandi – baby blessing ceremony
Sunat rasul – circumcision ceremony
Baralek – wedding ceremony
Batagak pangulu – clan leader inauguration ceremony. Other clan leaders, all relatives in the same clan and all villagers in the region are invited. The ceremony lasts for seven days or more.
Turun ka sawah – community work ceremony
Manyabik – harvesting ceremony
Hari Rayo – Islamic festivals
Adoption ceremony
Adat ceremony
Funeral ceremony
Wild boar hunt ceremony
Maanta pabukoan – sending food to mother-in-law for Ramadhan

Tabuik ceremony.

Tabuik – Muslim celebration in the coastal village of Pariaman
Tanah Ta Sirah, inaugurate a new clan leader (Datuk) when the old one died in the few hours (no need to proceed to the batagak pangulu, but the clan must invite all clan leader in the region).
Mambangkik Batang Tarandam, inaugurate a new leader (Datuk) when the old one died in the pass 10 or 50 years and even more, attendance in the Batagak Pangulu ceremony is mandatory

For Sumatra I found: ..Sumatra (Indonesian: Sumatera) is a large island in western Indonesia that is part of the Sunda Islands. It is the largest island that is entirely in Indonesia (after Borneo and New Guinea, which are shared between Indonesia and other countries) and the sixth-largest island in the world at 473,481km2 (not including adjacent islands such as the Riau Islands and Bangka Belitung Islands)....

Srivijayan influence waned in the 11th century after it was defeated by the Chola Empire of southern India. At the same time, Islam made its way to Sumatra through Arabs and Indian traders in the 6th and 7th centuries AD.[13] By the late 13th century, the monarch of the Samudra kingdom had converted to Islam. Marco Polo visited the island in 1292, and Ibn Battuta visited twice during 1345–1346. Samudra was succeeded by the powerful Aceh Sultanate, which survived to the 20th century. With the coming of the Dutch, the many Sumatran princely states gradually fell under their control. Aceh, in the north, was the major obstacle, as the Dutch were involved in the long and costly Aceh War (1873–1903).

Sumatra came under the control of the Dutch East Indies and became a major producer of pepper, rubber, and oil. In the early and mid-twentieth century, Sumatran academics and leaders were important figures in Indonesia\'s independence movements, such as: Mohammad Hatta (the first vice-president) and Sutan Sjahrir (the first prime minister)....

history:

The Melayu Kingdom was absorbed by Srivijaya.[12]:79–80 Srivijaya was a Buddhist monarchy centred in what is now Palembang. Dominating the region through trade and conquest throughout the 7th to 9th centuries, the empire helped spread the Malay culture throughout Nusantara. The empire was a thalassocracy or maritime power that extended its influence from island to island. Palembang was a center for scholarly learning, and it was there the Chinese Buddhist pilgrim I Ching studied Sanskrit in 671CE before departing for India. On his journey to China, he spent four years in Palembang translating Buddhist texts and writing two manuscripts.

Batak warriors, 1870

Ethnic groups

The people of Sumatra are multi-lingual, multi-diverse and multi-religious. Most of these groups share many similar traditions and the different tongues are closely related. Ethnic Malays dominate most of the Eastern coast in the provinces of Riau, Bangka-Belitung, South Sumatra, Riau Islands, northern parts of Lampung and Bengkulu and in the Easternmost parts of North Sumatra and Aceh, while people in the southern and central interior speak languages related to Malay, such as Lembak (that speak Col language), Kerinci (that speak Kerinci language) and Minangkabau people (that speak Minangkabau). The highlands of northern Sumatra is inhabited by the Bataknese, the northernmost coast is dominated by the Acehnese, while southernmost coast is dominated by Ethnic Javanese. Chinese and Tamil minorities are present in urban is a kris / keris or sword(Indonesian traditional sword) withstraight blade.

This kris has abeautifulhandleand a beautiful scabbard withcarving decorations.This kris is in total 44cm. The length of theblade only: 30cm.