Nestle\'s Chocolate Bars Ad: Original Paper 1930\'s-1940\'s Size = 11 x 15 inches

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Nestle\'s Chocolate Bars Ad: Original Paper 1930\'s-1940\'s Size = 11 x 15 inches:
$15.00

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This is a Nestle\'s ChocolateAd. Very Well Done Funny Comic Ads!Great Artwork!This wascut from the original newspaper Sunday comics section of 1930\'s -1940\'s.Size: ~11 x15 inches (Half Full Page). Paper:Some light tanning/wear, otherwise: Excellent!Bright Colors! Pulled from loose sections!(Please Check Scans) USA Postage is Free!Total postage on International orders is $16.00 Flat Rate. I combine postage on multiple pages. Check out my other sales for more great vintageComicstrips and Paper Dolls.Thanks for Looking!

*Fantastic Pages for Display and Framing!

NestléFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaNestlé S.A.
Good Food, Good LifeAerial view of Nestlé\'s corporate headquarters building inVevey,Vaud,Switzerland.TypeSociété processingFoundedAnglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Company (1866)
Farine Lactée Henri Nestlé (1867)
Nestlé and Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Company (1905)FounderHenri Nestlé, Charles Page, George servedWorldwideKey peoplePeter Brabeck-Letmathe(Chairman)
Paul Bulcke(CEO)
François-Xavier Roger (CFO)ProductsBaby food, coffee,dairy products,breakfast cereals, confectionery,bottled water,ice cream,pet foods(list...)RevenueCHF91.6billion (2014)[1]Operating incomeCHF 14.0billion (2014)[1]ProfitCHF 14.5billion (2014)[1]Total assetsCHF 133.45billion (2014)[2]Total equityCHF 71.88billion (2014)[2]Number of employees339,000 (2014)[1][3]Websitewww.nestle.com

Nestlé S.A.(French is aSwisstransnationalfoodand beverage company headquartered inVevey,Vaud,Switzerland. It is the largestfoodcompany in the world measured by revenues,[4][5]and ranked #72 on the Fortune Global 500 in 2014.[6]

Nestlé’s products includebaby food,bottled water,breakfast products,ice cream,frozen food,pet foods, andsnacks. Twenty-nine of Nestlé’s brands have annual sales of overCHF1 billion (aboutUS$1.1 andMaggi. Nestlé has 447 factories, operates in 194 countries, and employs around 339,000 people.[1]It is one of the main shareholders ofL’Oreal, the world’s largestcosmeticscompany.[8]

Nestlé was formed in 1905 by the merger of theAnglo-Swiss Milk Company, established in 1866 by brothers George Page and Charles Page, andFarine Lactée Henri Nestlé, founded in 1866 byHenri Nestlé(born Heinrich Nestle). The company grew significantly during the First World War and again following the Second World War, expanding its offerings beyond its early condensed milk and infant formula products. The company has made a number of corporate acquisitions, includingCrosse & Blackwellin 1950,Findusin 1963,Libby\'sin 1971,Rowntree Mackintoshin 1988, andGerberin 2007.

Nestlé has a primary listing on theSIX Swiss Exchangeand is a constituent of theSwiss Market Index. It has a secondary listing onEuronext. In 2011, Nestlé was listed No. 1 in theFortune Global 500as the world’s most profitable corporation.[9]With a market capitalisation of US$239.6 billion, Nestlé ranked No. 11 in theFT Global 500 2014.[10]

Contents[hide]

• 1History
• 2Products
• 3Corporate affairs
• 4Joint ventures
• 5Safety of food products
  • 5.1Maggi noodles
  • 5.2Milk products and baby food
  • 5.3Cookie dough
• 6Sponsorships
• 7Controversy and criticisms
• 8Corporate social responsibility
• 9Recognition and awards
• 10Bibliography
• 11See also
• 12Notes and references
• 13External links

History[edit]Henri Nestlé

Nestlé’s origins date back to 1866, when two separate Swiss enterprises were founded that would later form the core of Nestlé. In the succeeding decades, the two competing enterprises aggressively expanded their businesses throughout Europe and the United States.

In August 1867, Charles (US consul in Switzerland) and George Page, two brothers fromLee County, Illinois, USA, established the Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Company inCham, Switzerland. Their first British operation was opened atChippenham, Wiltshire, in 1873.[11]

A 1915 advertisement for \"Nestlés Food\", an earlyinfant formula

In September 1866, in Vevey,Henri Nestlédeveloped milk-based baby food, and soon began marketing it. The following year sawDaniel Peterbegin seven years of work perfecting his invention, themilk chocolatemanufacturing process. Nestlé was the crucial co-operation that Peter needed to solve the problem of removing all the water from the milk added to his chocolate and thus preventing the product from developing mildew. Henri Nestlé retired in 1875 but the company, under new ownership, retained his name asSociété Farine Lactée Henri Nestlé.

In 1877, Anglo-Swiss added milk-based baby foods to their products; in the following year, the Nestlé Company addedcondensed milkto their portfolio, which made the firms direct and fierce rivals.

In 1904, François-Louis Cailler, Charles Amédée Kohler, Daniel Peter and Henri Nestlé participated in the creation and development of Swiss chocolate, marketing the first chocolate - milk Nestlé.[12]

In 1905, the companies merged to become the Nestlé and Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Company and retaining that name until 1947, when the name ‘Nestlé Alimentana SA’ was taken as a result of the acquisition of Fabrique de ProduitsMaggiSA (founded 1884) and its holding company, Alimentana SA, of Kempttal, Switzerland. Maggi was a major manufacturer of soup mixes and related foodstuffs. The company’s current name was adopted in 1977. By the early 1900s, the company was operating factories in the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, and Spain. The First World War created demand for dairy products in the form of government contracts, and, by the end of the war, Nestlé’s production had more than doubled.

Nestlé felt the effects of the Second World War immediately. Profits dropped from US$20million in 1938, to US$6million in 1939. Factories were established in developing countries, particularly in Latin America. Ironically, the war helped with the introduction of the company’s newest product,Nescafé(\"Nestlé’s Coffee\"), which became a staple drink of the US military. Nestlé’s production and sales rose in the wartime economy.

The logo that Nestlé used until 1966.

After the war, government contracts dried up, and consumers switched back to fresh milk. However, Nestlé’s management responded quickly, streamlining operations and reducing debt. The 1920s saw Nestlé’s first expansion into new products, with chocolate-manufacture becoming the company’s second most important activity. Louis Dapples was CEO till 1937, when succeeded byÉdouard Mullertill his death in 1948.

The end of World War II was the beginning of a dynamic phase for Nestlé. Growth accelerated and numerous companies were acquired. In 1947 Nestlé merged withMaggi, a manufacturer of seasonings and soups.Crosse & Blackwellfollowed in 1950, as didFindus(1963),Libby’s(1971) andStouffer’s(1973). Diversification came with a shareholding inL’Orealin 1974. In 1977, Nestlé made its second venture outside the food industry, by acquiringAlcon Laboratories Inc.

In the 1980s, Nestlé’s improved bottom line which allowed the company to launch a new round of acquisitions.Carnationwas acquired for $3 billion in 1984 and brought theevaporated milkbrand, as well asCoffee-MateandFriskiesto Nestlé. The confectionery companyRowntree Mackintoshwas acquired in 1988 for $4.5 billion, which brought brands such asKit da Silva, inaugurates a factory inFeira de Santana(Bahia), in February 2007.

The first half of the 1990s proved to be favourable for Nestlé. Trade barriers crumbled, and world markets developed into more or less integrated trading areas. Since 1996, there have been various acquisitions, includingSan Pellegrino(1997),Spillers Petfoods(1998), andRalston Purina(2002). There were two major acquisitions in North America, both in 2002– in June, Nestlé merged its US ice cream business intoDreyer\'s, and in August a US$2.6billion acquisition was announced ofChef America, the creator ofHot Pockets. In the same time-frame, Nestlé entered in a joint offer with Cadbury and came close to purchasing the iconic American companyHershey\'s, one of its fiercest confectionery competitors, but the deal eventually fell through.[13]Another recent purchase included theJenny Craigweight-loss program, for US$600million.

Nestlé sold the Jenny Craig business unit to North Castle Partners in 2013.[14]

In December 2005, Nestlé bought the Greek company Delta Ice Cream for €240million. In January 2006, it took full ownership of Dreyer’s, thus becoming the world’s largest ice cream maker, with a 17.5% market share.[15]In November 2006, Nestlé purchased the Medical Nutrition division of Novartis Pharmaceutical for US$2.5 billion, also acquiring, in 2007, the milk-flavoring product known asOvaltine.

In April 2007, returning to its roots, Nestlé bought US baby-food manufacturerGerberfor $5.5billion.[16][17][18]In December 2007, Nestlé entered into a strategic partnership with a Belgian chocolate maker, Pierre Marcolini.[19]

Nestlé agreed to sell its controlling stake inAlcontoNovartison 4 January 2010. The sale was to form part of a broader US$39.3billion offer, by Novartis, for full acquisition of the world’s largest eye-care company.[20]On 1 March 2010, Nestlé concluded the purchase ofKraft Foods\'s North American frozen pizza business for $3.7 billion.

In July 2011, Nestlé SA agreed to buy 60 percent of Hsu Fu Chi International Ltd. for about $1.7 billion.[21]On 23 April 2012, Nestlé agreed to acquirePfizer Inc.\'sinfant-nutrition, formerly Wyeth Nutrition, unit for $11.9 billion, topping a joint offer from Danone and Mead Johnson.[22][23][24]

In February 2013, Nestlé Health Science bought Pamlab, which makes medical foods based on L-methylfolate targeting depression, diabetes and memory loss.[25]

In February 2014, Nestlé sold its PowerBar sports nutrition business to Post Holdings, Inc.[26]Later, in November 2014, Nestlé announced that it was exploring strategic options for its frozen food subsidiary, Davigel.[27]

In recent years, Nestlé Health Science has made several acquisitions. It acquired Vitaflo, which makes clinical nutritional products for people with genetic disorders; CM&D Pharma Ltd., a company that specialises in the development of products for patients with chronic conditions like kidney disease; and Prometheus Laboratories, a firm specialising in treatments for gastrointestinal diseases and cancer. It also holds a minority stake in Vital Foods, a New Zealand-based company that develops kiwifruit-based solutions for gastrointestinal conditions.[28]

In December 2014, Nestlé announced that it was opening 10 skin care research centres worldwide, deepening its investment in a faster-growing market for healthcare products. That year, Nestlé spend about $350 million on dermatology research and development. The first of the research hubs, Nestlé Skin Health Investigation, Education and Longevity Development (SHIELD) centres, will open mid 2015 in New York, followed by Hong Kong and São Paulo, and later others in North America, Asia and Europe. The initiative is being launched in partnership with the Global Coalition on Aging (GCOA), a consortium that includes companies such as Intel and Bank of America.[29]

Products[edit]Main article:List of Nestlé brands

Nestlé has 64 brands,[1]with a wide range of products across a number of markets, includingcoffee,bottled water,milkshakesand otherbeverages,breakfast cereals,infant foods,performance and healthcare nutrition,seasonings,soupsandsauces, frozen and refrigerated foods, andpet food.[1]

Corporate affairs[edit]Japan headquarters

Nestlé is the biggest food company in the world, with a market capitalisation of roughly 231 billion Swiss francs, which is more than 247 billion US dollars as of May 2015.[30]

In 2014, consolidated sales wereCHF91.61 billion and net profit was CHF 14.46billion.Research and developmentinvestment was CHF 1.63billion.[31]

Sales per category in CHF[1][3]
20.3 billion powdered and liquid beverages
• 16.7 billion milk products and ice cream
• 13.5 billion prepared dishes and cooking aids
• 13.1 billion nutrition and health science
• 11.3 billion petcare
• 9.6 billion confectionary
• 6.9 billion water
• Percentage of sales by geographic area breakdown[1][3]
  43% from Americas
  • 28% from Europe
  • 29% from Asia, Oceania and Africa

According to a 2015 global survey of online consumers by theReputation Institute, Nestlé has a reputation score of 74.5 on a scale of 1–100.[32]

Joint ventures[edit]

Joint ventures include:

Cereal Partners WorldwidewithGeneral Mills(50%/50%)[33]
• Beverage Partners WorldwidewithThe Coca-Cola Company(50%/50%)[34]
• Lactalis Nestlé Produits FraiswithLactalis(40%/60%)[35]
• Nestlé Colgate-Palmolive style=\"margin-bottom: 0.1em;\">Nestlé Indofood Citarasa Indonesia withIndofood(50%/50%)[37]
• Nestlé Snow withSnow Brand Milk Products(50%/50%)[38]
• Nestlé Modelo withGrupo Modelo

Safety of food products[edit]Maggi noodles[edit]

In May 2015, Food Safety Regulators from theUttar Pradesh, India found that samples of Nestlé\'s leading noodlesMaggihad up to 17 times beyond permissible safe limits ofleadin addition tomonosodium glutamate.[39][40][41][42]

On 3 June 2015,New DelhiGovernment banned the sale of Maggi in New Delhi stores for 15 days because it found lead and monosodium glutamate in the eatable beyond permissible limit.[43]TheGujaratFDA on 4 June 2015 banned the noodles for 30 days after 27 out of 39 samples were detected with objectionable levels of metallic lead, among other things.[44]Some of India\'s biggest retailers likeFuture Group,Big Bazaar,Easydayand Nilgiris have imposed a nationwide ban on Maggi.[45]Thereafter multiple state authorities in India found unacceptable amount of lead and it has been banned in more than 5 other states in India.[46]On 5 June 2015,Food Safety and Standards Authority of India(FSSAI) orders banned all nine approved variants ofMaggiinstant noodles from India, terming them\"unsafe and hazardous\" for human consumption.[47]In June 2015Nepalindefinitely banned Maggi over concerns about lead levels in the product.[48]On the same day Food Safety Agency,United Kingdomhas launched an investigation to find levels of lead inMaggi.[49]Maggi noodles has been withdrawn in five African nations- Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Rwanda and South Sudan by a super-market chain after a complaint by the Consumer Federation of Kenya, as a reaction to the ban in India.[50]

On 3 June 2015, Nestlé India\'s shares fell down 11% due to the incident.[51]Continuously on the second day, Nestlé\'s share fell down by 3% over concerns related to its safety standards.[52]

As of August 2015, India\'s government made public that it was seeking damages of nearly $100 million from Nestlé India for \"unfair trade practices\" following the June ban on Maggi noodles.[53]The 6,400 million rupee suit was filed with theNational Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission(NCDRC), regarded as the country\'s top consumer court, but was settled on 13 August 2015.[54]The court ruled that the government ban on the Nestlé product was both \"arbitrary\" and had violated the \"principles of natural justice.\"[55]Although Nestlé was not ordered to pay the fine requested in the government\'s suit, the court ruled that the Maggi noodle producers must \"send five samples from each batch of Maggi [noodles] for testing to three labs and only if the lead is found to be lower than permitted will they start manufacturing and sale again.\" Although the tests have yet to take place, Nestlé has already destroyed 400 million packets of Maggi products.[56]Although the ban has been repealed by the Government of India, with effect from the end of 2015, a few states still needs to lift their versions of the ban, after newer tests.

Milk products and baby food[edit]

Nestlé\'s baby food product Nan-Pro has also been found to contain \"live larvae\" in India.[57]In another incident weevils and fungus were found in Cerelac baby food.[58][59]

Main article:2008 Chinese milk scandal

In late September 2008, the Hong Kong government foundmelaminein a Chinese-made Nestlé milk product. Six infants died from kidney damage, and a further 860 babies were hospitalised.[60][61]TheDairy Farmmilk was made by Nestlé\'s division in the Chinese coastal cityQingdao.[62]Nestlé affirmed that all its products were safe and were not made from milk adulterated with melamine. On 2 October 2008, the Taiwan Health ministry announced that six types of milk powders produced in China by Nestlé contained low-level traces of melamine, and were \"removed from the shelves\".[63]

Nestlé has implemented initiatives to prevent contamination and utilizes what it calls a “factory and farmers” model that eliminates the middleman. Farmers bring milk directly to a network of Nestlé-owned collection centers, where a computerized system samples, tests, and tags each batch of milk. To reduce further the risk of contamination at the source, the company provides farmers with continuous training and assistance in cow selection, feed quality, storage, and other areas.[64]

In 2014, the company opened the Nestlé Food Safety Institute (NFSI) in Beijing that will help meet China’s growing demand for healthy and safe food, one of the top three concerns among Chinese consumers. The NFSI will work closely with authorities to help provide the scientific foundation for food-safety policies and standards. Support will include early management of food-safety issues and collaboration with local universities, research institutes and government agencies on food-safety.[65]

Cookie dough[edit]

In June 2009, anoutbreakofE. coliO157:H7was linked to Nestlé\'s refrigeratedcookie doughoriginating in a plant in Danville,Virginia. In the US, it caused sickness in more than 50 people in 30 states, half of whom required hospitalisation. Following the outbreak, Nestlé voluntarily recalled 30,000 cases of the cookie dough. The cause was determined to be contaminated flour obtained from a raw material supplier. When operations resumed, the flour used was heat-treated to kill style=\"margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;\">In 1993, plans were made to update and modernise the overall tone ofWalt Disney\'sEPCOT Center, including a major refurbishment ofThe Landpavilion.Kraft Foodswithdrew its sponsorship on 26 September 1993, with Nestlé taking its place. Co-financed by Nestlé and the Walt Disney World Resort, a gradual refurbishment of the pavilion began on 27 September 1993.[67]In 2003, Nestlé renewed its sponsorship of The Land; however, it was under agreement that Nestlé would oversee its own refurbishment to both the interior and exterior of the pavilion. Between 2004 and 2005, the pavilion underwent its second major refurbishment. Nestlé’s withdrawal from the Land dates back from 2009.[68]

Music festivals

On 5 August 2010, Nestlé and theBeijing Music Festivalsigned an agreement to extend by three years Nestlé\'s sponsorship of this international music festival. Nestlé has been an extended sponsor of the Beijing Music Festival for 11 years since 2000. The new agreement will continue the partnership through 2013.[69]

Nestlé has partnered the prestigiousSalzburg Festivalin Austria for 20 years. In 2011, Nestlé renewed its sponsorship of the Salzburg Festival until 2015.[70]

Together, they have created the \"Nestlé and Salzburg Festival Young Conductors Award,\" an initiative that aims to discover young conductors globally and to contribute to the development of their careers.[71]

Sports

Nestlé\'s sponsorship of theTour de Francebegan in 2001 and the agreement was extended in 2004, a move which demonstrated the company’s interest in the Tour. In July 2009,Nestlé Watersand the organisers of the Tour de France announced that their partnership will continue until 2013. The main promotional benefits of this partnership will spread on four key brands from Nestlé\'s product portfolio: Vittel, Powerbar, Nesquik or Ricore.[72]

In 2014, Nestlé Waters sponsored the UK leg of the Tour de France through its Buxton Natural Mineral Water brand.[73]In 2002 Nestlé announced it was main sponsor for theGreat Britain LionessesWomen\'s rugby leagueteam for the team\'s second tour of Australia with itsMunchiesproduct.[74]

On 27 January 2012, theInternational Association of Athletics Federationsannounced that Nestlé will be the main sponsor for the further development of IAAF\'s Kids\' Athletics Programme, which is one of the biggest grassroots development programmes in the world of sports. The five-year sponsorship started in January 2012.[75]

Nestlé supports theAustralian Institute of Sport(AIS) on a number of nutrition and fitness fronts, funding a Fellowship position in AIS Sports Nutrition; nutrition activities in the AIS Dining Hall; research activities; and the development of education resources for use at the AIS and in the public domain.[76]

Controversy and criticisms[edit]Nestlé baby formula boycottMain article:Nestlé boycott

A boycott was launched in the United States on 7 July 1977, against the Swiss-based Nestlé corporation. It spread in the United States, and expanded into Europe in the early 1980s. It was prompted by concern about Nestlé\'s \"aggressive marketing\" ofbreast milksubstitutes, particularly inless economically developed countries(LEDCs), largely among the poor.[77]The boycott was officially suspended in the U.S. in 1984, after Nestlé agreed to follow an international marketing code endorsed by the World Health Organization.[78][79]The boycott was also ended in the UK by several organisations including the General Synod of the Church of England in July 1994,[80]the Royal College of Midwives in July 1997,[81]and the Methodist Ethical Investment Committee in November 2005 and the Reformed Churches in November 2011[82]as a result of the company’s inclusion in the responsible investment index FTSE4Good Responsible Investment Index.[83]and.[84]Since 2011, Nestlé is the only infant formula manufacturer to have met the 104 criteria on the marketing of breastmilk substitutes (FTSE4Good BMS Criteria) of the FTSE4Good Responsible Investment Index.[85]Nestlé’s inclusion in the index is based on results of independent and transparent verifications conducted by Pricewaterhouse Coopers every 18 months.[86]Every year since 2009, Bureau Veritas - one of the world’s leading verification and auditing firm - conducts independent assurance of compliance with the Nestlé Policy and Instructions for Implementation of the WHO International Code of Marketing of Breastmilk Substitutes. Their Assurance Statements are transparently available in the public domain.[87]

In May 2011, the debate over Nestlé\'s unethical marketing of infant formula was relaunched in the Asia-Pacific region. Nineteen leadingLaos-based international NGOs, includingSave the Children,Oxfam,CARE International,Plan InternationalandWorld Visionhave launched a boycott of Nestlé and written an open letter to the company.[88]Among other unethical practices, the NGOs criticised the lack of labelling in Laos and the provision of incentives to doctors and nurses to promote the use of infant formula.[89]In November 2011, Bureau Veritas, commissioned by Nestlé S.A. to provide independent assurance of Nestlé Indochina’s compliance with the Nestlé policy for the implementation of the World Health Organisation (WHO) International Code of Marketing of Breast Milk Substitutes (1981). There were no significant evidence that indicated Nestlé Indochina was systematically operating in violation of the WHO Code and Lao PDR Decree in Lao PDR. The presence of promotional materials in retail units constituted a non-conformance and Bureau Veritas recommended that the Nestlé’s Policy and Procedures Manual on the Marketing of breastmilk substitutes be reviewed and updated to ensure consistency against the more stringent requirements of the Lao PDR Decree.[90]Ernest W. Lefeverand theEthics and Public Policy Centerwere criticized for accepting a $25,000 contribution from Nestlé while the organization was in the process of developing a report investigating medical care in developing nations which was never published, in an alleged deal to minimize Nestlé\'s marketing ofinfant formulain many of these countries.[91]

World Water Forum (2000)

At the secondWorld Water Forum, Nestlé and other corporations persuaded theWorld Water Councilto change its statement so as to reduce access to drinking water from a \"right\" to a \"need.\" Nestlé chairman and former CEOPeter Brabeck-Letmathestated that \"access to water should not be a public right.\" Nestlé continues to take control ofaquifersand bottle their water for profit.[92]

Peter Brabeck-Letmathe has clarified his view on water in several articles. \"I am the first one to say water is a human right. This human right is the five litres of water we need for our daily hydration and the 25 litres we need for minimum hygiene. This amount of water is the primary responsibility of every government to make available to every citizen of this world, but this amount of water accounts for 1.5% of the total water which is for all human usage,” he has said. \"Where I have an issue is that the 98.5% of the water we are using, which is for everything else, is not a human right and because we treat it as one, we are using it in an irresponsible manner, although it is the most precious resource we have.”[93]

Nestlé has stated that when it comes to water, human beings are at the heart of the company’s water stewardship efforts. Five W.A.T.E.R commitments drive Nestlé’s activities: First, achieving water efficiency; second, advocating for effective water policies; third, treating water we discharge effectively; fourth, engaging with suppliers in water conservation activities; and fifth improving access to water.[94]

Ethiopian debt (2002)

In 2002, Nestlé demanded that the nation ofEthiopiarepay US$6 million of debt to the company. Ethiopia was suffering a severe famine at the time. Nestlé backed down from its demand after more than 8,500 people complained via e-mail to the company about its treatment of the Ethiopian government. The company agreed to re-invest any money it received from Ethiopia back into the country.[95]In 2003, Nestlé agreed to accept an offer of $1.5 million, and donated the money to three active charities in Ethiopia, the Red Cross and Caritas.[96]

Child labour by suppliers (2005)Main articles:Children in cocoa productionandHarkin–Engel Protocol

In 2005, after the cocoa industry had not met the Harkin–Engel Protocol deadline for certifying theworst forms of child labour(according to theInternational Labor Organization\'sConvention 182) had been eliminated from cocoa production, theInternational Labor Rights Fundfiled a lawsuit in 2005 under theAlien Tort Claims Actagainst Nestlé and others on behalf of three Malian children. The suit alleged the children were trafficked to Ivory Coast, forced into slavery, and experienced frequent beatings on a cocoa plantation.[97][98]In September 2010, theUS District Court for the Central District of Californiadetermined corporations cannot be held liable for violations of international law and dismissed the suit. The case was appealed to theUS Court of Appeals.[99][100]

The 2010 documentaryThe Dark Side of Chocolatebrought attention to purchases of cocoa beans from Ivorian plantations that use child slave labour. The children are usually 12 to 15 years old, and some are trafficked from nearby countries.[101]The first allegations thatchild slaveryis used in cocoa production appeared in 1998.[102]In late 2000, a BBC documentary reported the use of enslaved children in the production ofcocoainWest Africa.[102][103][104]Other media followed by reporting widespread childslaveryandchild traffickingin the production of cocoa.[105][106]In September 2001, Bradley Alford, Chairman and CEO of Nestlé USA, signed theHarkin–Engel Protocol(commonly called the Cocoa Protocol), an international agreement aimed at ending child labour in the production of cocoa.[citation needed]

In 2012, Nestlé became the first company in the food industry to join the Fair Labor Association (FLA). This followed collaborations with the FLA on special projects to assess labor conditions and compliance risks throughout Nestlé’s supply chain of hazelnuts and cocoa. As a Participating Company, Nestlé has committed to ten Principles of Fair Labor and Responsible Sourcing, and to upholding the FLA Workplace Code of Conduct throughout their supply chains, starting with farms.[107]

The 2014 Assessments of Shared Hazelnut Supply Chain In Turkey published by theFair Labor Associationdid identified \"a total of 46 child workers younger than 15 years\" as well as \"a total of 83 young workers (between 15 and 18 years of age) working the same hours as adults and performing similar hazardous and strenuous tasks, such as carrying heavy bags of hazelnuts weighing up to 70 kilograms\".[108]

In August 2011, FLA conducted an assessment of labor and human rights conditions in Nestlé’s hazelnut supply chain in Turkey, responding to a request from Nestlé for an external investigation. Based on the results of this assessment, Nestlé developed and submitted a multi-year action plan to the FLA in February 2012, supported by KPIs and timelines to track progress. Nestlé reaches out to relevant private and public stakeholders to engage in collaborative action to promote sound labour practices in the Turkish hazelnut sector as a whole.[109][110]

Chocolate price fixing (2007)

In Canada, the Competition Bureau raided the offices of Nestlé Canada (along with those of Hershey Canada Inc. and Mars Canada Inc) in 2007 to investigate the matter of price fixing of chocolates. It is alleged that executives with Nestlé, the maker of KitKat, Coffee Crisp and Big Turk, colluded with competitors in Canada to inflate prices.[111]

The Bureau alleged that competitors\' executives met in restaurants, coffee shops and at conventions and that Nestlé Canada CEO, Robert Leonidas once handed a competitor an envelope containing his company’s pricing information, saying: \"I want you to hear it from the top– I take my pricing seriously.\"[111]

Nestlé and the other companies were subject to class-action lawsuits for price fixing after the raids were made public in 2007. Nestlé settled for $9 million, without admitting liability, subject to court approval in the new year. A massive class-action lawsuit continues in the United States.[111]

Former Nestlé Canada CEO Robert Leonidas is under threat of a criminal charge for his role in the price fixing of chocolates in Canada when he was at the helm of Nestlé Canada from 2006 to 2010.[111]

Packaging claims (2008)

A coalition of Environmental groups filed a complaint against Nestlé to the Canadian Code of Advertising Standards after Nestlé took out full-page advertisements in October 2008 claiming that \"Most water bottles avoid landfill sites and are recycled\", \"Nestlé Pure Lifeis a healthy, eco-friendly choice\" and that \"Bottled water is the most Environmentally responsible consumer product in the world.\"[112][113][114]A spokesperson from one of the Environmental groups stated: \"For Nestlé to claim that its bottled water product is Environmentally superior to any other consumer product in the world is not supportable.\"[112]In their 2008 Corporate Citizenship Report, Nestlé themselves stated that many of their bottles end up in the solid-waste stream, and that most of their bottles are not recycled.[113][115]The advertising campaign has been defended its ads, saying they will show they have been truthful in their campaign.[112]

Water bottling operations in California and Oregon (2015)

Considerable controversy has surrounded Nestlé\'s bottled water brand \'Arrowhead\' sourced from wells alongside a spring in Millard Canyon situated in a Native American Reservation at the base of theSan Bernardino MountainsinCalifornia. While corporate officials and representatives of the governingMorongo tribehave asserted that the company, which started its operations in 2000, is providing meaningful jobs in the area and that the spring is sustaining current surface water flows, a number of local citizen groups and Environmental action committees have started to question the amount of water drawn in the light of the ongoing drought, and the restrictions that have been placed on residential water use.[116]Additionally, recent evidence suggests that representatives of the Forest Service failed to follow through on a review process for Nestlé\'s permit to draw water from the San Bernardino wells, which expired in 1988.[117][118]The former forest supervisor Gene Zimmerman has explained that the review process was rigorous, and that the Forest Service \"didn\'t have the money or the budget or the staff\" to follow through on the review of Nestlé\'s long-expired permit.[119]However, Zimmerman\'s observations and action have come under scrutiny for a number of reasons. Firstly, along with the natural resource manager for Nestlé, Larry Lawrence, Zimmerman is a board member for and played a vital role in the founding of the nonprofit Southern California Mountains Foundation, of which Nestlé is the most noteworthy and longtime donor.[120]Secondly, the Zimmerman Community Partnership Award - an award inspired by Zimmerman\'s actions and efforts \"to create a public/private partnership for resource development and community engagement\" - was presented by the foundation to Nestlé\'sArrowhead Waterdivision in 2013.[121]Finally, while Zimmerman retired from his former role in 2005, he currently works as a paid consultant for Nestlé, leading many investigative journalists to question Zimmerman\'s allegiances prior to his retirement from the Forest Service.[119]

In April 2015, the city ofCascade Locks, Oregonand theOregon Department of Fish and Wildlifeusing water for a salmon hatchery, applied with theOregon Water Resources Departmentto permanently trade their water rights to Nestlé, which does not require a public-interest review. Nestlé approached them in 2008 and they had been considering to trade their well water with Oregon\'s Oxbow Springs water, a publicly owned water source in the Columbia River Gorge National Scenic Area, and to sell the spring water at over 100 million gallons of water per year to Nestlé. The plan has been criticized by legislators and 80,000 citizens.[122]The 250,000-square-foot, $50 million Nestlé bottling plant in Cascade Locks with an unemployment rate of 18.8 percent would have 50 employees and would increase property-tax collections by 67 percent.[123]The Oregon Water Resources Department is expected to issue a proposal in 2015, that would allow Nestlé to utilise spring water for its bottling Nestlé products manufactured in Russia (2015)See also:Do not buy Russian goods!

In August 2015UkrainianTV-channel \"Ukrayina\" rejected to hire a worker of weekly magazine \"Krayina\" Alla Zheliznyak as a host of cooking show because she is Ukrainian speaking. The demand to hire only Russian speaking host was allegedly set by the sponsor of the show - \"Nesquik\", which is a brand of \"Nestlé S.A.\"[125][126]After that activists of civil movement \"Vidsich\" held an action near the office of the company inKyivaccusing \"Nestlé\" in discrimination of Ukrainian speaking and supportingrussificationof Ukraine.[127]Also they reminded that a part of production of the company which is sold in Ukraine is still manufactured inRussia. Activists threatened to start boycott campaign against \"Nestlé\" if they will not fulfill the requirements of activists. In September 2015 there were held flashmobs \"Russian kills!\" against goods of \"Nestlé\" manufactured in Russia.[128]

Forced Labour in Thailand Fishing Industry (2015)

At the conclusion of a year-long, self-imposed investigation in November 2015, Nestlé disclosed that seafood products sourced in Thailand were produced with forced labour. Nestlé is not a major purchaser of seafood in Southeast Asia but does some business in Thailand, primarily for itsPurinacat food. The study found virtually all U.S. and European companies buying seafood from Thailand are exposed to the same risks of abuse in their supply chains.[129]This type of disclosure was a surprise to many in the industry because international companies rarely acknowledge abuses in supply chains.[130]

Nestlé is expected to launch a yearlong program in 2016 focused on protecting workers across its supply chain. The company has promised to impose new requirements on all potential suppliers, train boat owners and captains about human rights,[129]and hire auditors to check for compliance with new rules.[131]

Corporate social responsibility[edit]World Cocoa Foundation

In 2000, Nestlé and other chocolate companies formed the World Cocoa Foundation (WCF). The WCF is an international membership organization representing more than 100 member companies across the cocoa value chain. It is committed to creating a sustainable cocoa economy by putting farmers first, promoting agricultural & Environmental stewardship, and strengthening development in cocoa-growing communities.[132]

Sustainable Agriculture Initiative

In 2002 Nestlé, Unilever and Danone created the Sustainable Agriculture Initiative (SAI) Platform, a non-profit organization to facilitate sharing of knowledge and initiatives to support the development and implementation of sustainable agriculture practices involving the different stakeholders of the food chain.

The SAI Platform has more than 60 members, which actively share the same view on sustainable agriculture seen as \"the efficient production of safe, high quality agricultural products, in a way that protects and improves the natural Environment, the social and economic conditions of farmers, their employees and local communities, and safeguards the health and welfare of all farmed species.”

Among the latest deliverables produced, the SAI Platform developed (or co-developed) Principles and Practices for sustainable water management at farm level; recommendations for Sustainability Performance Assessment (SPA); a standardised methodology for the dairy sector to assess green house gas emissions; an Executives Training on Sustainable Sourcing; and many more.[133]

A case of Nestlé\'s impact on sustainable agricultural practices has been documented in academic literature.[134]

Creating Shared Value

Creating Shared Value(CSV) is a business concept intended to encourage businesses to create economic and social value simultaneously by focusing on the social issues that they are capable of addressing. In 2006, Nestlé adopted the CSV approach, focusing on three areas– nutrition, water andrural development– as these are core to their business activities.[133]

Nestlé now publishes an annual progress report on its goals.[135]

Nestlé CEO Paul Bulcke describes CSV as follows: “Creating Shared Value, these three words, are the fundamental way we want to behave as a company, and by nature, also as persons; it is the fundamental way we want to go about our activities; it also is linked with the conviction that in order to be meaningful and successful, a company must intersect with society in a very positive and constructive way.”[136]

Nestlé has also established the Creating Shared Value Prize, which is awarded every other year with the aim of rewarding the best examples of CSV initiatives worldwide and to encourage other companies to adopt a shared value approach. These initiatives should take a business-oriented approach in addressing challenges in nutrition, water or rural development. The winner can win up to CHF 500,000. Nestlé was an early mover in the shared value space and hosts a global forum, the Creating Shared Value Global Forum.[137][138]

Nestlé Cocoa Plan

In October 2009, Nestlé announced \"The Cocoa Plan.\" The company is working to get 100 percent of its chocolate portfolio using certified sustainable cocoa. For third-party certification, Nestlé has partnered with UTZ Certified to ensure that best practices are being used. Many of Nestlé’s efforts are focused on the Ivory Coast, where 40 percent of the world’s cocoa comes from. The company has developed a higher-yielding, more drought- and disease-resistant cocoa tree; and they have given 3 million of these super trees to farmers thus far and plan to give away 12 million of them in total. They are also training farmers in efficient and sustainable growing techniques, which focuses on better farming practices, including pruning trees, pest control (with an emphasis on integrated pest management) and harvesting, as well as caring for the Environment. In addition, they have built 23 new schools so far and plan to build 40 in total by 2015.[139]

Another important part of the plan has been to address child labor. Nestlé says that according to U.S. statistics, there are about 800,000 children who work the cocoa supply chain. With this in mind, Nestlé approached the Fair Labor Association to map out strategies to help curb child labor in the cocoa sector, and these efforts – including community education and the building of schools – have become a focus of the Cocoa Plan.[139]

Ecolaboration

On 22 June 2009, Nestlé Nespresso andRainforest Alliancesigned a pact called \"Ecolaboration\". One of the shared goals is to reduce the Environmental impacts and increase the social benefits of coffee cultivation in enough tropical regions so that 80 percent of Nespresso\'s coffee comes from Rainforest Alliance Certified farms by the year 2013. Certified farms comply with comprehensive standards covering all aspects ofsustainable farming, including soil and water conservation, protection of wildlife and forests, and ensuring that farm workers, women and children have all the proper rights and benefits, such as good wages, clean drinking water, access to schools and health care and security.[140]

The Nescafé Plan

In 2010, Nestlé launched the Nescafé Plan, an initiative to increase sustainable coffee production and make sustainable coffee farming more accessible to farmers. The plan aims to increase the company’s supply of coffee beans without clearing rainforests, as well as using less water and fewer agrochemicals. According to Nestlé, Nescafé will invest 350 million Swiss francs (about $336 million) over the next ten years to expand the company\'s agricultural research and training capacity to help benefit many of the 25 million people who make their living growing and trading coffee. The Rainforest Alliance and the other NGOs in the Sustainable Agriculture Network will support Nestlé in meeting the objectives of the plan.[141]

Committed to Health Care and Nutrition

In September 2010, Nestlé announced to invest more than $500 million between 2011 and 2020 to develop health and wellness products to help prevent and treat major ailments likediabetes,obesity,cardiovascular diseaseandAlzheimer’s, which are placing an increasing burden on governments at a time when budgets are being squeezed. Nestlé created a wholly owned subsidiary, Nestlé Health Science, as well as a research body, the Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences.[142]

Member of Fair Labour Association

In 2011, Nestlé started to work with theFair Labor Association(FLA), a non-profit, multi-stakeholder association that works with major companies to improve working conditions in theirsupply chains.

On 29 February 2012, Nestlé became the first food company to join the FLA. Building on Nestlé\'s efforts under the Cocoa Plan, the FLA will send independent experts toIvory Coastin 2012 and where evidence of child labour is found, the FLA will identify root causes and advise Nestlé how to address them in sustainable and lasting ways.[143]

Rural Development Framework

In 2012, Nestlé developed the Rural Development Framework, which supports farmers and cocoa growing communities.[144]It is an investment program aimed at improving infrastructure, increasing access to safe water, address financing and market efficiency gaps and improving labor conditions.[145]

Partnership with IFRC

In 2014, Nestlé renewed its long-standing partnership long with the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) to increase access to safe water and sanitation in rural communities. In recent years, the partnership has brought clean drinking water and sanitation facilities to 100,000 people in Ivory Coast’s cocoa communities. Nestlé has committed to contributing five million Swiss francs over the next five years to the IFRC.[146]

*Please note: collecting and selling comicshas been my hobby for over 30 years. Due to thehours of my job I can usually only mail packages out on Saturdays. I send out First Class orPriority Mail which takes 2-3 days to arrive in the USAand Air Mail International which takes 5 -10 days or more depending on where youlive in the world. I do not \"sell\" postage or packaging and charge less than the actual cost of mailing. I package items securely and wrap well. Most pages come in an Archival Sleeve with Acid Free Backing Board at no extra charge. If you are dissatisfied with an item. Let me know and I wil do my best to make it right.

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