NiCe Bronze Mythical Naga Opium Weight 18th.c 50g

NiCe Bronze Mythical Naga Opium Weight 18th.c 50g

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NiCe Bronze Mythical Naga Opium Weight 18th.c 50g:
$100.00

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Old Bronze Mythical Naga Opium Weight

18th Century

A MUST HAVE FOR ANY REAL COLLECTOR

Authentichandmade high quality bronze Mythical Naga Opium Weight.Nagas are a race of semi-divine serpent creatures in Hindu and Buddhist mythology. Female Nagas are called Nagis or Naginis. Usually depicted as human above the waist and snake below the waist, Nagas can also change shape to appear fully human or snake. Nagas and Nagis are known for their strength,supernaturalwisdom, and good looks. When Nagis take human form, they can marry mortal men, and some Indiandynastiesclaim descent from them.According to legend, Nagas are children of Kadru, the granddaughter of the god Brahma*, and her husband, Kasyapa. Nagas lived on earth at first, but their numbers became so great that Brahma sent them to live under the sea. They reside in magnificent jeweled palaces and rule as kings at the bottom of rivers and lakes and in the underground realm called Patala.Like humans, Nagas show wisdom and concern for others but also cowardice and injustice. Nagas areimmortaland potentially dangerous. Some are demons; others seem friendly and are worshiped as gods. Nagas also serve as protectors and guardians of treasure—both material riches and spiritual wealth.Opium Weights like this were usedthroughout the Golden Triangle region centuries. This piece is made of high quality bronze and displays exceptionally fine craftsmanship. (Note: I have included more info about the mythical Naga below)

Dimensions: Can be seen in the photos.

Weight:Approx 50 grams

Materials: Bronze.

Age: 18th Century.

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NāgaFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaFor the modern ethnic group, seeNaga people. For other uses, seeNaga (disambiguation).AHoysalasculpture of a Naga couple.Haleofferu.Vishnuresting on Ananta-Shesha, with consortLakshmi.Naga stone worship atHampiNag temple atBaba Dhansar, Reasi district,Jammu & Kashmir

Contents[hide]
  • 1Etymology
  • 2Mahabharata
    • 2.1Enmity with Garuda
    • 2.2Kadru
    • 2.3Other mentions
  • 3Hinduism
  • 4Buddhism
  • 5Other traditions
    • 5.1Thailand
    • 5.2Lake Chinni
    • 5.3Cambodia
    • 5.4Laos
    • 5.5Mekong
    • 5.6Java
    • 6Notable nāgas
    • 7Residences
    • 8Popular culture
    • 9See also
    • 10References
    • 11Further reading
    • 12External links

    Etymology[edit]

    In Sanskrit, anāgá(नाग) is a cobra, a specific type of snake (hooded snake). A synonym fornāgáisphaṇin(फणिन्). There are several words for \"snake\" in general, and one of the very commonly used ones issarpá(सर्प). Sometimes the wordnāgáis also used generically to mean \"snake\".[2][3]The word iscognatewith English \'snake\', Germanic:*snēk-a-,Proto-IE: *(s)nēg-o-.[4]

    Mahabharata[edit]

    In the great epicMahabharata, the depiction of nagas tends toward the positive. An epic calls them \"persecutors of all creatures\", and tells us \"the snakes were of virulent poison, great prowess and excess of strength, and ever bent on biting other creatures\" (Book I:Adi Parva, Section 20). At some points within the story, nagas are important players in many of the events narrated in the epic, frequently no more evil nor deceitful than the other protagonists, and sometimes on the side of good.

    The epic frequently characterizes nagas as having a mixture of human and serpent-like traits. Sometimes it characterizes them as having human traits at one time, and as having serpent-like traits at another. For example, the story of how the naga princeSeshacame to hold the world on his head begins with a scene in which he appears as a dedicated human ascetic, \"with knotted hair, clad in rags, and his flesh, skin, and sinews dried up owing to the hard penances he was practising.\"Brahmais pleased with Shesha, and entrusts him with the duty of carrying the world. At that point in the story, Shesha begins to exhibit the attributes of a serpent. He enters into a hole in the Earth and slithers all the way to bottom, where he then loads the Earth onto his head. (Book I: Adi Parva, Section 36.)

    Enmity with Garuda[edit]

    The great nemesis of the nagas in the Mahabharata is the gigantic eagle-kingGaruda. Garuda and the nagas began life as cousins. The sageKasyapahad two wives (amongst his 13 wives, all prajapati Daksha\'s daughters),Kadruand Vinata, the former of whom desired many offspring, and the latter of whom desired few but powerful offspring. Each got her wish. Kadru laid 1000 eggs which hatched into snakes, and Vinata laid two, which hatched into the charioteer ofSuryathe sun god andGaruda. Through a foolish bet, Vinata became enslaved to her sister, and as a result Vinata\'s son Garuda was required to do the offerding of the snakes. Though compliant, he chafed and built up a grudge that he would never relinquish. When he asked the snakes what he would have to do in order to release his mother, Vinata, from her bondage, they told him he would have to bring themamrita, the elixir of immortality. Garuda stole the elixir from the gods and brought it to the serpents in fulfillment of their requirement, but through a ruse prevented them from partaking of it and achieving immortality. From that point onward, he regarded them as enemies and as food. (Book I: Adi Parva, Sections 16ff.)

    Kadru[edit]

    Kadru, the ancestral mother of snakes, made a bet with her sister Vinata, the stakes being that the loser would be enslaved to the winner. Eager to secure victory, Kadru requested the cooperation of her offspring in order to fix the bet so that Kadru would win. When her offspring balked at the request, Kadru grew angry and cursed them to die a fiery death in the snake-sacrifice of KingJanamejaya, the son ofParikshit, who was the son ofAbhimanyuthe son ofArjuna. The king of the snakesVasukiwas aware of the curse, and knew that his brethren would need a hero to rescue them from it. He approached the renowned ascetic Jaratkaru with a proposal of marriage to a snake-goddess,Manasa, Vasuki\'s own sister. Out of the union of the ascetic and the snake-maiden was born \"a son of the splendor of a celestial child.\" This son was namedAstika, and he was to be the savior of the snakes.

    In accordance with Kadru\'s curse, Janamejaya prepared a snake sacrifice of a type described in the scriptures, thePuranas. He erected a sacrificial platform and hired priests and other professionals needed for the rites. Following the proper form, the priests lit the sacrificial fire, duly fed it withclarified butter, uttered the requiredmantras, and began calling the names of snakes. The power of the rite was such that the named snakes were summoned to the fire and were consumed by it. As the sacrifice took on genocidal proportions, Astika came to the rescue. He approached Janamejaya and praised the sacrifice in such eloquent terms that the king offered to grant him a boon of his choosing. Astika promptly requested that the sacrifice be terminated. Though initially regretful of his offer, Janamejaya was true to his word, and the sacrifice came to an end. (Book I: Adi Parva, Sections 13-58.)

    Other mentions[edit]
      The serpent kingVasukihelped the gods to recoveramrita, the elixir of immortality, from theOcean of Milkby serving as the cord they wrapped aroundMount Mandarain order to churn up the depths of the ocean. (Book I: Adi Parva, Section 18.)
    • The naga princessUlupihad a sonIravatby thePandavaheroArjuna. (Book I: Adi Parva, Section 216.) Though he had the support of many nagas, Iravat was eventually slain by theRakshasaAlamvusha at the battle ofKurukshetra. (Book VI: Bhishma Parva, Section 91.)
    • Matali, the charioteer of the godIndra, sought a husband for his daughter Gunakesi. He approached the naga Aryaka and proposed the marriage of Gunakesi with the naga\'s handsome grandson Sumukha. Alas, Aryaka replied,Garudahad already declared his intent to devour the comely youth, having previously murdered his father. Matali, however, persuaded Indra andVishnuto give Sumukha a draught ofamrita, the elixir of immortality. Sumukha drank the potion, and thus was rendered impervious to any assault by the lord of the birds. The young couple were happily married. (Book V: Udyoga Parva, Section 103.)
    Hinduism[edit]An open-airLingam(symbol of godShiva) fromLepakshisheltered by a naga

    Stories involving the nāgas are still very much a part of contemporary cultural traditions in predominantly Hindu regions of Asia (India, Nepal, and the island of Bali). In India, nāgas are considered nature spirits and the protectors of springs, wells and rivers. They bring rain, and thus fertility, but are also thought to bring disasters such as floods and drought.

    Nagas are snakes that may take human form. They tend to be very curious. According to traditions nāgas are only malevolent to humans when they have been mistreated. They are susceptible to mankind\'s disrespectful actions in relation to the Environment. They are also associated with waters—rivers, lakes, seas, and wells—and are generally regarded as guardians of treasure. According to Beer (1999),[pageneeded]Naga andcintamaniare often depicted together and associated directly in the literature.

    They are objects of great reverence in some parts of southernIndiawhere it is believed that they bring fertility and prosperity to their venerators. Expensive and grand rituals like Nagamandala[5]are conducted in their honor (seeNagaradhane). In India, certain communities calledNagavanshiconsider themselves descendants of Nagas.

    Varuna, theVedicgod of storms, is viewed as the King of the nāgas. Nāgas live in Pātāla, the seventh of the \"nether\" dimensions or realms.[6]They are children ofKashyapaandKadru. Among the prominent nāgas of Hinduism areManasa,Sesha, andVasuki.

    The Nairs of Kerala and the ethnically related Tulu Bunts of Karnataka are clans which are believed to have originated from the serpent dynasty.

    The nāgas also carry the elixir of life and immortality[citation needed].Garudaonce brought it to them and put a cup with elixir on the ground but it was taken away byIndra. However, few drops remained on the grass. The nāgas licked up the drops, but in doing so, cut their tongues on the grass, and since then their tongues have been forked.[7]

    Vishnuis originally portrayed in the form sheltered by aSheshanaga or reclining on Shesha, but the iconography has been extended to other deities as well. The serpent is a common feature inGaneshaiconography and appears in many forms: around the neck,[8]use as a sacred thread (Sanskrit:yajñyopavīta)[9]wrapped around the stomach as a belt, held in a hand, coiled at the ankles, or as a throne.[10]Shiva is often shown garlanded with a snake.[11]

    PatanjaliasAdi-Sesha

    Maehle (2007: p.?) affirms that according to tradition,Patañjaliis held to be an incarnation ofĀdi S\'esha.

    Buddhism[edit]Mucalinda shelteringGautama BuddhaatWat Phrathat Doi SuthepinChiang Mai, Thailand

    Traditions about nāgas are also very common in all the Buddhist countries of Asia. In many countries, the nāga concept has been merged with local traditions of great and wiseserpentsordragons. In Tibet, the nāga was equated with theklu, wits that dwell in lakes or underground streams and guard treasure. In China, the nāga was equated with thelóngorChinese dragon.

    The Buddhist nāga generally has the form of a greatcobra-like snake, usually with a single head but sometimes with many. At least some of the nāgas are capable of using magic powers to transform themselves into a human semblance. In Buddhist painting, the nāga is sometimes portrayed as a human being with a snake or dragon extending over his head.[12]One nāga, in human form, attempted to become a monk; when telling it that such ordination was impossible, the Buddha told it how to ensure that it would be reborn a man, able to become a monk.[13]

    In the \'Devadatta\' chapter of theLotus Sutra, an eight-year-old female Naga, after listening toManjushripreach the Lotus Sutra, transforms her body into that of a male human and immediately reaches full enlightenment.[14]This tale appears to reinforce the viewpoint prevalent in Mahayana scriptures that a male human body is required for Buddhahood, even if a being is so advanced in her realization that she can magically transform her body at will and demonstrate the emptiness of the physical form itself.

    Nāgas are believed to both live on MountSumeru, among the other minor deities, and in various parts of the human-inhabited earth. Some of them are water-dwellers, living in streams or the mer; others are earth-dwellers, living in underground caverns.

    The nāgas are the servants ofVirūpākṣa(Pāli: Virūpakkha), one of theFour Heavenly Kingswho guards the western direction. They act as a guard upon MountSumeru, protecting thedevasofTrāyastriṃśafrom attack by theAsuras.

    Among the notable nāgas of Buddhist tradition isMucalinda, protector of the Buddha. In the Vinaya Sutra (I, 3) the Buddha shortly after his enlightenment is meditating in a forest when a great storm arises, but graciously Naga King Mucalinda gives shelter to the Buddha from the storm by covering the Buddha\'s head with his 7 snake heads.[15]Then the king takes the form of a young Brahmin and renders the Buddha homage.[16]

    It is noteworthy that the 2 chief disciples of the Buddha,SariputraandMaudgalyayanaare referred to as Mahanaga.[17]Some of the most important figures in Buddhist history symbolize nagas in their names such asDignaga,Nagasena, and, although other etymons are assigned to his name, Nagarjuna.

    In theVajrayanaandMahasiddhatraditions according to Beer (1999),[pageneeded]many notable fully enlightened nagas also transmitted and/or transportedtermainto and out of the human realm that had been elementally encoded by adepts.

    Norbu (1999: p.?) states that according to tradition thePrajnaparamitatermateachings are held to have been conferred uponNagarjunabyNagaraja, the King of thenagas, who had been guarding them at the bottom of alake.

    Other traditions[edit]Naga at the steps of a building in theWat Phra KaewinBangkok

    ForMalaysailors, nāgas are a type of dragon with many heads; inThailandandJava, the nāga is a wealthyunderworlddeity. InLaosthey are beaked water serpents.

    Thailand[edit]

    In Thailand Nagas figure in some stories of theThai folkloreand are represented as well inBuddhist templesas architectural elements.Phaya Nagais a well-known Naga said to live in theMekongriver.Thai television soap operaManisawat(มฌีสวาท) is based on a naga legend.[18]

    Lake Chinni[edit]

    In Malay and Orang Asli traditions, the lake Chinni, located inPahangis home to a naga called Sri Gumum. Depending on legend versions, her predecessor Sri Pahang or her son left the lake and later fought a naga called Sri Kemboja. Kemboja is the former name of what is Cambodia. Like the naga legends there, there are stories about an ancient empire in lake Chinni, although the stories are not linked to the naga Naga at the Royal Palace inPhnom Penh

    In aCambodianlegend, thenāgawere a reptilian race of beings who possessed a large empire or kingdom in the Pacific Ocean region. SeeKaliya. The Nāga King\'s daughter married an Indian Brahmana named Kaundinya, and from their union sprang the Cambodian people. Therefore still Cambodians say that they are \"Born from the Nāga\".

    The Seven-Headed Nāga serpents depicted as statues on Cambodian temples, such asAngkor Wat, apparently represent the seven races within Nāga society, which has a mythological, or symbolic, association with \"the seven colors of the rainbow\". Furthermore, Cambodian Nāga possess numerological symbolism in the number of their heads. Odd-headed Nāga symbolise the Male Energy, Infinity, Timelessness, and Immortality. This is because, numerologically, all odd numbers come from One (1). Even-headed Nāga are said to be \"Female, representing Physicality, Mortality, Temporality, and the Earth.\"

    Naga guardingAnouvong\'sWat SisaketinVientianeLaos[edit]

    Naga are believed to live in theLaotianstretch of theMekongriver or estuaries. Lao mythology maintains that the Naga are the protectors ofVientiane, and by extension, the Lao state. The Naga association was most clearly articulated during and immediately after the reign ofAnouvong. An important poem from this periodSan Lup Bo Sun(or San Leupphasun Lao: ສານລຶພສູນ) discusses relations between Laos andSiamin a veiled manner, using the Naga and theGaruda, to represent Laos and Siam, respectively.[21]The Naga is incorporated extensively into Lao iconography, and features prominently in Lao culture throughout the length of the country, not only in Vientiane.

    Mekong[edit]Main article:Naga fireballsThis sectionmay requirecleanupto meet Wikipedia\'squality standards.Nocleanup reasonhas been specified. Please helpimprove this sectionif you can.(May 2008)This articlecontainsweasel words: vague phrasing that often statements should beclarified or removed.(November 2009)Naga emerging from the mouth of aMakarain the style of a Chinese dragonNagayon Paya ( means Dragon-roofed-Buddha ) atMonywa,Myanmar

    The legend of the Nāga is a strong and sacred belief held by Thai and Lao people living along the Mekong River. Many pay their respects to the river because they believe the Nāga still rule in it,but and locals hold an annual sacrifice for the Nāga. Each ceremony depends on how each village earns its living from the Mekong River — for instance, through fishing or transport. Local residents believe that the Nāga can protect them from danger, so they are likely to make a sacrifice to Nāga before taking a boat trip along the Mekong River.[citation needed]

    Also, every year on the night of 15th day of 11th month in the Lao lunar calendar at the end ofVassa, an unusual phenomenon occurs in the area of the Mekong River stretching over 20 kilometres between Pak-Ngeum and Phonephisai districts in Nong Khai province, Thailand. Fireballs appear to rise from the river into the nighttime sky. Local villagers believe that Nāga under Mekong River shoot the fireballs into the air to celebrate the end of Vassa, because Nāga meditate during this time.[22]

    In 2000,Richard Freemanfrom theCentre for Fortean Zoologyvisited the area and talked with witnesses who claimed to have seen gigantic snakes far larger than any python. The general description was of a 60 foot serpent with black scales that had a greenish sheen. Freeman speculated that the nāga legend was based on a real animal, possibly a giantmadtsoiid snake.[23]

    A popular photograph on display in bars, restaurants, guesthouses, and markets aroundThailandcaptioned,Queen of Nagas seized by American Army at Mekhong River, Laos Military Base on June 27, 1973 with the length of 7.80 metersis ahoax. The photograph is actually that taken by USN LT DeeDee Van Wormer, of anoarfishfound in late 1996 byUS Navy SEALtrainees on the coast ofCoronado, of AntabogaIndonesian articleid:Naga Jawa.

    InJavanese culture, a Naga is a crowned giant magical serpent, sometimes winged. It is similarly derived from theShiva-Hinduism tradition, merged with Javaneseanimism. The concept of Naga is prevalent in theHindu periodof Indonesia, before the introduction of Islam. In awayangtheater story a snake (Nāga) god named Sanghyang Anantaboga orAntabogais a guardian deity in the bowels of the earth.[26][27]

    Philippines[edit]

    In many parts of pre-Hispanic Philippines, the naga is used as an ornament in the hilt ends of longswords locally known askampilans.

    Notable nāgas[edit]Lord Krishnadancing on the serpentKaliya; while the serpent\'s wives pray to Krishna
      Aadhi-Sesha, (\"Limitless-Eternal\") the world serpent with a thousand heads.[28]
    • Balarama, origin of Ananta-Sesha.[29]
    • Bakunawa, Naga is also present in the Kapampangan polytheistic beliefs, such as Lakandanum seeDeities of Philippine mythology
    • Kaliya, a snake conquered byKrishna
    • Karkotakacontrols weather.
    • Manasa, the Hindu goddess of Nagas and curer of snake-bite and sister of Vasuki
    • Mucalindaprotects the Buddha.
    • Padmavati, the Nāgī queen & companion of Dharanendra.
    • Paravataksha, his sword causes earthquakes and his roar caused thunder.
    • Shwe Nabay(Naga Medaw), a goddess or aNatin Burmese animistic mythology, she was believed to have married a Naga and died from heartbreak after he had left her.
    • Takshaka, king of the Nāgas.
    • Ulupi, a companion ofArjunain theepicMahabharata.
    • Vasuki, king of the Nagas who helped thedevasrecover amrita from theOcean of Milk.
    • The dragon king of the western sea in the Chinese classical novelJourney to the Westbecomes a naga after completing his journey style=\"line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0.3em 0px 0px 1.6em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: style=\"margin-bottom: 0.1em;\">Patala(or Nagaloka), the seventh of the \"nether\" dimensions or realms, Bhoga-vatī being its capital.[30]
    • Lake Manosarowar, lake of the Great Nāgas.
    • MountSumeru
    • Naggar, village in theHimalayas, Tibet, that derives its name from Naga (Cobra).
    • Nagpur, Indian city derived fromNāgapuram, literally \"city of nāgas\".
    • Pacific Ocean(Cambodian myth)
    • Sheshna\'s wellinBenares, India, said to be an entrance to Patala.
    • Nagadaa, where naag-yaGYa was performed.
    • Mekong river
    • Anantnag, Indian city (Kashmir) named after one of 12 prominent divine naga king mentioned in Bhavishyapuran.
    • Takshila, an ancient place in Pakistan named after one of 12 prominent divine naga king in Bhavishyapuran.
    Popular culture[edit]
      The antagonists inRudyard Kipling\'s story \"Riki Tiki Tavi\" are a pair of cobras named Nag and Nagaina.
    • SeveralBollywoodfilms have been made on the theme of Nagin (female nāga), Dushman: Ek Anokhi Kahani(2002),Hisss(2010), and the television seriesNaaginn(2007-2009).
    • The eighth installment of the Tomb Raider series,Tomb Raider: Underworld, features both Nagas and Nagin as primary enemies in the level Bhogovati.
    • Slithice the Naga Siren is a playable character inDefense of the AncientsandDota 2who incorporates features of the Naga and various Western sea creatures.
    • Naga are humanoid sea serpents in theGuild Warscomputer game series, first appearing inGuild Warsas a non-playable race.
    • Naga are humanoid sea serpents in theWarcraftcomputer game series, first appearing inWarcraft IIIas a non-playable race.
    • Naginiis the name of Lord Voldemort\'s snake in the popularHarry Potterseries written by J. K. Rowling.[31]
    • Naga are antagonists in the cartoonThe Secret Saturdays. They served the ancient Sumerian cryptidKurand attempted to push Zak Saturday into the dark side after learning that he was Kur reincarnated, but eventually served V.V. Argost when he gained his own Kur powers.
    • Naga the Serpentis a character featured in the anime seriesThe Slayers, though primarily the films. She is a sorceress and self-proclaimed rival to series protagonistLina Inverse. Her main role is that of a comedic foil to Lina.
    • The luxury destination resortMiravallocated in Tucson, AZ., has a Thai massage based service called Naga which incorporates aerial silks used by the practitioner. The silks are used as an aid for balance when applying pressure with the feet to the client. They may also be wrapped around limbs or the torso to deepen stretches and apply counter pressure to the client\'s body.


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