The Great World War I Gold Coin 100th Year Anniversary Militaria Medal Soldier
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The Great World War I Gold Coin 100th Year Anniversary Militaria Medal Soldier:
$9.15
World War I
CoinUncirculated Commemoration CoinIthas a image of the famous British \"Your Country Need You\" Lord Kitchener Army Recruitment Poster with the words \"World War I 1914 - 1918\"The Reverse has a similar poster from USA with Uncle Sam with the words \"I Want You for US Army\" it also has the words \"First Wold War 100th Anniversary\"The coin is 40mm in diameter, weighs about 1 oz.
Comes in air-tight acrylic coin holder
In Excellent Condition
Would make an Excellent Gift or Collectable Keepsake Souvenir for the Great War which is the 100 years old in2014
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The Countries I Send to IncludeAfghanistan * Albania * Algeria * American Samoa (US) * Andorra * Angola * Anguilla (GB) * Antigua and Barbuda * Argentina * Armenia * Aruba (NL) * Australia * Austria * Azerbaijan * Bahamas * Bahrain * Bangladesh * Barbados * Belarus * Belgium * Belize * Benin * Bermuda (GB) * Bhutan * Bolivia * Bonaire (NL) * Bosnia and Herzegovina * Botswana * Bouvet Island (NO) * Brazil * British Indian Ocean Territory (GB) * British Virgin Islands (GB) * Brunei * Bulgaria * Burkina Faso * Burundi * Cambodia * Cameroon * Canada * Cape Verde * Cayman Islands (GB) * Central African Republic * Chad * Chile * China * Christmas Island (AU) * Cocos Islands (AU) * Colombia * Comoros * Congo * Democratic Republic of the Congo * Cook Islands (NZ) * Coral Sea Islands Territory (AU) * Costa Rica * Croatia * Cuba * Curaçao (NL) * Cyprus * Czech Republic * Denmark * Djibouti * Dominica * Dominican Republic * East Timor * Ecuador * Egypt * El Salvador * Equatorial Guinea * Eritrea * Estonia * Ethiopia * Falkland Islands (GB) * Faroe Islands (DK) * Fiji Islands * Finland * France * French Guiana (FR) * French Polynesia (FR) * French Southern Lands (FR) * Gabon * Gambia * Georgia * Germany * Ghana * Gibraltar (GB) * Greece * Greenland (DK) * Grenada * Guadeloupe (FR) * Guam (US) * Guatemala * Guernsey (GB) * Guinea * Guinea-Bissau * Guyana * Haiti * Heard and McDonald Islands (AU) * Honduras * Hong Kong (CN) * Hungary * Iceland * India * Indonesia * Iran * Iraq * Ireland * Isle of Man (GB) * Israel * Italy * Ivory Coast * Jamaica * Jan Mayen (NO) * Japan * Jersey (GB) * Jordan * Kazakhstan * Kenya * Kiribati * Kosovo * Kuwait * Kyrgyzstan * Laos * Latvia * Lebanon * Lesotho * Liberia * Libya * Liechtenstein * Lithuania * Luxembourg * Macau (CN) * Macedonia * Madagascar * Malawi * Malaysia * Maldives * Mali * Malta * Marshall Islands * Martinique (FR) * Mauritania * Mauritius * Mayotte (FR) * Mexico * Micronesia * Moldova * Monaco * Mongolia * Montenegro * Montserrat (GB) * Morocco * Mozambique * Myanmar * Namibia * Nauru * Navassa (US) * Nepal * Netherlands * New Caledonia (FR) * New Zealand * Nicaragua * Niger * Nigeria * Niue (NZ) * Norfolk Island (AU) * North Korea * Northern Cyprus * Northern Mariana Islands (US) * Norway * Oman * Pakistan * Palau * Palestinian Authority * Panama * Papua New Guinea * Paraguay * Peru * Philippines * Pitcairn Island (GB) * Poland * Portugal * Puerto Rico (US) * Qatar * Reunion (FR) * Romania * Russia * Rwanda * Saba (NL) * Saint Barthelemy (FR) * Saint Helena (GB) * Saint Kitts and Nevis * Saint Lucia * Saint Martin (FR) * Saint Pierre and Miquelon (FR) * Saint Vincent and the Grenadines * Samoa * San Marino * Sao Tome and Principe * Saudi Arabia * Senegal * Serbia * Seychelles * Sierra Leone * Singapore * Sint Eustatius (NL) * Sint Maarten (NL) * Slovakia * Slovenia * Solomon Islands * Somalia * South Africa * South Georgia (GB) * South Korea * South Sudan * Spain * Sri Lanka * Sudan * Suriname * Svalbard (NO) * Swaziland * Sweden * Switzerland * Syria * Taiwan * Tajikistan * Tanzania * Thailand * Togo * Tokelau (NZ) * Tonga * Trinidad and Tobago * Tunisia * Turkey * Turkmenistan * Turks and Caicos Islands (GB) * Tuvalu * U.S. Minor Pacific Islands (US) * U.S. Virgin Islands (US) * Uganda * Ukraine * United Arab Emirates * United Kingdom * United States * Uruguay * Uzbekistan * Vanuatu * Vatican City * Venezuela * Vietnam * Wallis and Futuna (FR) * Yemen * Zambia * ZimbabweLong-term causes of the war included the imperialistic foreign policies of the great powers of Europe, including the German Empire, the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the Ottoman Empire, the Russian Empire, the British Empire, the French Republic, and Italy. The assassination on 28 June 1914 of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, the heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary, by a Yugoslav nationalist in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina was the proximate trigger of the war. It resulted in a Habsburg ultimatum against the Kingdom of Serbia.[10][11] Several alliances formed over the previous decades were invoked, so within weeksthe major powers were at war; via their colonies, the conflict soon spread around the world.
On 28 July, the conflict opened with the Austro-Hungarian invasion of Serbia,[12][13] followed by the German invasion of Belgium, Luxembourg and France; and a Russian attack againstGermany. After the German march on Paris was brought to a halt, the Western Front settled into a static battle of attrition with a trench line that changed little until 1917. In the East, the Russian army successfully fought against the Austro-Hungarian forces but was forced back from East Prussia and Poland by the German army. Additional fronts opened after the Ottoman Empire joined the war in 1914, Italy and Bulgaria in 1915 and Romania in 1916. The Russian Empire collapsed in March 1917, and Russia left the war after the October Revolution later that year. After a 1918 German offensive along the western front, the Allies drove back the German armies in a series of successful offensivesand United States forces began entering the trenches. Germany, which had its own trouble with revolutionaries at this point, agreed to a cease-fire on 11 November 1918, later known as Armistice Day. The war had ended in victory for the Allies.
Events on the home fronts were as tumultuous as on the battle fronts, as the participants tried to mobilize their manpower and economic resources to fight a total war. By the end of the war, four major imperial powers—the German, Russian, Austro-Hungarian and Ottoman empires—ceased to exist. The successor states of the former two lost a great amount of territory, while the latter two were dismantled entirely. The map of central Europe was redrawn into several smaller states.[14] The League of Nations was formed in the hope of preventing another such conflict. The European nationalism spawned by the war and the breakup of empires, the repercussions of Germany\'s defeat and problems with the Treaty of Versailles are agreed to be factors contributing to World War IID.III biplanes
Date 28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918 (Armistice)
Treaty of Versailles signed 28 June 1919
(4 years and 11 months)
Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye signed 10 September 1919
Treaty of Neuilly-sur-Seine signed 27 November 1919
Treaty of Trianon signed 4 June 1920
Treaty of Sèvres signed 10 August 1920
Location Europe, Africa, the Middle East, the Pacific Islands, China and off the coast of South and North America
Result Allied victory
End of the German, Russian, Ottoman, and Austro-Hungarian empires
Formation of new countries in Europe and the Middle East
Transfer of German colonies and regions of the former Ottoman Empire to other powers
Establishment of the League of Nations. (more...)
Belligerents
Allied (Entente) Powers
France
British Zealand
South Africa
Russia (1914–17)
Italy (1915–18)
United States (1917–18)
Romania (1917–18)
and others
Central Empire
Bulgaria (1915–18)
Various co-belligerents
Commanders and leaders
Leaders and commanders
Raymond Poincaré
Georges Clemenceau
Ferdinand Foch
H. H. Asquith
David Lloyd George
Douglas Haig
Nicholas II
Nicholas Nikolaevich
Victor Emanuel III
Antonio Salandra
Vittorio Orlando
Luigi Cadorna
Woodrow Wilson
John J. Pershing
Ferdinand I
and others
Leaders and commanders
Wilhelm II
Paul von Hindenburg
Erich Ludendorff
Franz Joseph I
Karl I
Conrad von Hötzendorf
Mehmed V
Enver Pasha
Mustafa Kemal
Ferdinand I
Nikola Zhekov
and 42,959,850
Central 25,248,321
Casualties and losses
Military dead:
5,525,000
Military wounded:
12,831,500
Military KIA, WIA or MIA ...further details. Military dead:
4,386,000
Military wounded:
8,388,000
Military KIA, WIA or MIA ...further details.
[hide] v t e
Theatres of World War I
European
Balkans Western Front Eastern Front Italian Front
Middle Eastern
Caucasus Persia Gallipoli Mesopotamia Sinai and Palestine South Arabia
African
South-West Africa West Africa East Africa North Africa
Asian and Pacific theatre
Other theatres
America Atlantic Ocean Mediterranean
[hide] v t e
Major armed conflicts involving the United States Armed Forces
listed Shays\' Rebellion Whiskey Rebellion Walton War Dorr Rebellion Anahuac Disturbances Mormon War Regulator–Moderator War Cordova Rebellion Bleeding Kansas Wakarusa War Utah War Morrisite War Erie War Civil War Bald Hills War Erie Gauge War Sheep Wars San Elizario Salt WarBrooks–Baxter War Pleasant Valley War Coal Creek War Ned Christie\'s WarHomestead Strike Battle of Blair Mountain California Water Wars Sheepshooters\' War Coal Wars Illinois Coal Wars Black Patch Tobacco WarsBonus Army Colorado Coalfield War West Virginia Coal Wars Red River Bridge War Harlan County Quasi-War First Barbary War Blockade of Africa Sixty Years\' War Chesapeake–Leopard Affair War of 1812 War of the Sixth Coalition AfricanSlave Trade Patrol Second Barbary War Falklands Expedition Johanna Expedition First Sumatran Expedition Second Sumatran Expedition Ivory Coast Expedition Shimonoseki Campaign Mexican–American War Taos Revolt First Fiji Expedition Second Opium War Cortina Troubles Trent Affair Chesapeake Affair Formosa Expedition Second Fiji Expedition Samoan crisis Korean Expedition Las Cuevas War Egyptain Expedition First SamoanCivil War Hawaiian Rebellions Philippine Revolution Spanish–American War Philippine–American War Wilcox Rebellion Garza Revolution Black WeekHawaiian Civil War Overthrow of Hawaii Second Samoan Civil War Second Boer War Boxer Rebellion Banana Wars Occupation of Nicaragua Occupation of Veracruz Mexican Revolution Border War Pancho Villa Expedition BanditWar World War I Occupation of Haiti First invasion of The Dominican Republic Russian Civil War World War II Greek Civil War First Indochina War Korean War 1953 Iran crisis First Taiwan Strait Crisis Laotian CivilWar Second Taiwan Strait Crisis 1958 Lebanon crisis Central American crisis Guatemalan Civil War Portuguese Colonial War Bay of Pigs InvasionSouth African Border War Vietnam War Cambodian Civil War Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation Nicaraguan Civil War Dominican Civil War Second invasion of the Dominican Republic Indo-Pakistani War of 1971Philippines insurgency Afghan Civil War Cambodian–Vietnamese War Iran–Iraq War Chadian-Libyan conflict Yom Kippur War Nicaraguan Revolution Salvadoran Civil War First Gulf of Sidra incident Invasion ofGrenada Lebanese Civil War Angolan Civil War Second Gulf of Sidra incident First bombing of Libya Invasion of Panama Civil war in Afghanistan (1989–1992) Third Gulf of Sidra incident Gulf War Iraqi no-fly zones Somali Civil War Bombing of Iraq Iraqi Kurdish Civil War Invasion of Haiti Bosnian War Third Taiwan Strait Crisis Conch Republic clashes Missile Strikes on Iraq Civil war in Afghanistan (1996–2001) Kosovo War Albanian Rebellion Shia insurgency in Yemen Missile Strikes on Sudan and Afghanistan Kurdistan Islamist Conflict War on Terror Afghanistan War Maghreb insurgency Iraq War Drone attacks in Pakistan Central African Republic Bush War War in North-West Pakistan War in Darfur Iraqi insurgency (2003–2006) Pakistan Skirmishes Shia insurgency in Yemen War in Somalia (2006–2009) Civil war in Iraq Violence in Pakistan 2006–09 War in Somalia (2009–present) Honduran Coup Somali piracy crackdown Yemeni al-Qaeda crackdown Libyan Civil War Lord\'s Resistance Army insurgency Iraq insurgency 2011-present 2012 East DR Congo conflict Azawad insurgency
Related articles
Listof conflicts in the U.S. List of wars involving the U.S. Timeline of U.S. military operations Length of U.S. participation in major wars Overseas expansion Military history Covert regime-change actions Casualties of war
[hide] v t e
World War I
Home front during World War I
European theatre Balkans Western Front Eastern Front Italian Front
Middle Eastern theatre Caucasus Mesopotamia Sinai and Palestine Gallipoli Persia South Arabia
African theatre South-West West East North
Asian and Pacific theatre Siege of Tsingtao
Atlantic Ocean Powers
RussianEmpire/Republic French Empire: France, Vietnam British Empire: United Kingdom, Australia, Canada, India, New Zealand, Newfoundland, South Africa Italy Romania United States Serbia Portugal China Japan Belgium Montenegro Greece Armenia Brazil
Central Powers
Germany Austria-Hungary Ottoman Empire Revolution (1910–1920) Italo-Turkish War (1911–1912) First Balkan War (1912–1913) Second Balkan War (1913)
Prelude
Origins Sarajevo assassination July Crisis
1914
Battleof the Frontiers Battle of Cer First Battle of the Marne Battle of Tannenberg Battle of Galicia Battle of the Masurian Lakes Battle of Kolubara Battle of Sarikamish Race to the Sea First Battle of Ypres
1915
Second Battle of Ypres Battle of Gallipoli Battles of the Isonzo Great Retreat Conquest of Serbia Siege of Kut
1916
ErzurumOffensive Battle of Verdun Lake Naroch Offensive Battle of Asiago Battle of Jutland Battle of the Somme Brusilov Offensive Battle of Romani Monastir Offensive Conquest of Romania
1917
Captureof Baghdad First Battle of Gaza Second Battle of Arras Kerensky Offensive Third Battle of Ypres (Passchendaele) Battle of Caporetto Battle of Mughar Ridge Battle of Jerusalem Battle of Cambrai
1918
Armisticeof Erzincan Salonika front Treaty of Brest-Litovsk Spring Offensive First Transjordan Second Transjordan Hundred Days Offensive Battle of Baku Vardar Offensive Meuse-Argonne Offensive Battle of Megiddo Battle of Vittorio Veneto Armistice of Villa Giusti Armistice with Germany Armistice with the Ottoman Empire Battle of the Lys
Other conflicts
MaritzRebellion (1914–1915) Angola (1914–1915) Indo-German Conspiracy (1914–1919) Senussi Campaign (1915–1916) Easter Rising (1916) Russian Revolution (1917) Finnish Civil War War (1917–1921) Ukrainian Civil War (1917–1921) Armenian–Azerbaijani War (1918–1920) Georgian–Armenian War (1918) GermanRevolution (1918–1919) Revolutions and interventions in Hungary (1918–1920) Hungarian–Romanian War (1918–1919) Greater Poland Uprising (1918–1919) Estonian War of Independence (1918–1920) Latvian War of Independence (1918–1920) Lithuanian Wars of Independence (1918–1920) Third Anglo-Afghan War (1919) Egyptian Revolution (1919) Polish–Ukrainian War (1918–1919) Polish–Soviet War (1919–1921) Irish Warof Independence (1919–1921) Turkish War of Independence including the Greco-Turkish War (1919–1923) and the Turkish–Armenian War (1920) Polish–Lithuanian War (1920) Soviet–Georgian War (1921) Irish Civil War Naval warfare Convoy system Air warfare Cryptography Geography\'s role Horse use Poison gas Railways Strategic bombing Technology Trench warfare Total war Christmas truce Last surviving veterans
Civilian impact /
atrocities /
Prisoners
Casualties1918 flu pandemic Destruction of Kalisz Rape of Belgium Ottoman people (Armenian Genocide, Assyrian Genocide, Pontic Greek Genocide) Women\'s roles Popular culture German prisoners of war in the United States
Agreements /
Treaties
Partitioningof the Ottoman Empire Sykes-Picot St.-Jean-de-Maurienne French-ArmenianDamascus Paris Peace Conference Treaty of Brest-Litovsk Treaty of Lausanne Treaty of London Treaty of Neuilly Treaty of St. Germain Treatyof Sèvres Treaty of Trianon Treaty of Versailles
Consequences
Aftermath \"Fourteen Points\" League of Nations World War I memorials
George VI (Albert Frederick Arthur George; 14 December 1895 – 6 February 1952) wasKing of the United Kingdom and the Dominions of the British Commonwealth from 11 December 1936 until his death. He was the last Emperor of India, and the first Head of the Commonwealth.
As the second son of King George V, he was not expected to inherit the throne and spent his early life in the shadow of his elder brother, Edward. He served in the Royal Navy and Royal Air Force during World War I, and after the war took on the usual round of public engagements. He married Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon in 1923, and they had two daughters, Elizabethand Margaret.
George\'s elderbrother ascended the throne as Edward VIII on the death of their fatherin 1936. However, less than a year later Edward revealed his desire to marry the divorced American socialite Wallis Simpson. British Prime Minister Stanley Baldwin advised Edward that for political and religiousreasons he could not marry Mrs Simpson and remain king. Edward abdicated in order to marry, and George ascended the throne as the thirdmonarch of the House of Windsor.
On the day of his accession, the Oireachtas, the parliament of the Irish Free State, removed the monarch from its constitution. Further events during George\'s reign accelerated the break-up of the British Empire and its transition into the Commonwealth of Nations. Three years after his accession, the Empire and Commonwealth, except the Irish Free State, wasat war with Nazi Germany. In the next two years, war with Italy and Japan followed. Though Britain and its allies were ultimately victorious, the United States and the Soviet Union rose as pre-eminent world powers and the British Empire declined. After the independence of India and Pakistan in 1947, his title of Emperor of India was abandoned in June 1948. Ireland was formally declared a republic in 1949, and India followed suit the following year. George adopted the new title of Head of the Commonwealth. He was beset by health problems in the later years of his reign. After his death, he was succeeded by his elder daughter, Elizabeth II.
The Daily News was a national daily newspaper in the United Kingdom.The News was founded in 1846 by Charles Dickens, who also served as the newspaper\'s first editor. It was conceived as a radical rival to the right-wing Morning Chronicle. The paper was not at first a commercial success. Dickens edited 17 issues before handing over the editorship to his friend John Forster, who had more experience in journalism than Dickens. Foster ran the paper until 1870.[1] Charles Mackay, Harriet Martineau, George Bernard Shaw, H. G. Wells, G. K. Chesterton and Ferdinando Petruccelli della Gattina were among the leading reformist writers who wrote for the paper during its heyday. In 1870, the News absorbed the Morning Star.[2]In 1901, Quaker chocolate manufacturer George Cadbury bought the Daily News and used the paper to campaign for old age pensions and against sweatshop labour. As a pacifist, Cadbury opposed the Boer War – and the Daily News followed his line.[3]In 1906, the News sponsored an exhibition on sweated labour at the Queen\'s Hall. This exhibition was credited with strengthening the women\'s suffrage movement. In 1909, H. N. Brailsford and H. W. Nevinson resigned from the paper when it refusedto condemn the force feeding of suffragettes.[4]In 1912, the News merged with the Morning Leader, and was for a time known as the Daily News and Leader.[1] In 1928, it merged with the Westminster Gazette, and in 1930,with the Daily Chronicle to form the centre-left News Chronicle.[4]The chairman from 1911 to 1930 was Edward Cadbury, eldest son of George Cadbury.2014Millennium: 3rd millenniumCenturies: 20th century – 21st century – 22nd centuryDecades: 1980s 1990s 2000s – 2010s – 2020s 2030s 2040sYears: 2011 2012 2013 – 2014 – 2015 2016 20172014 in other calendarsGregorian calendar 2014MMXIVAb urbe condita 2767Armenian calendar 1463ԹՎ ՌՆԿԳAssyrian calendar 6764Bahá\'í calendar 170–171Bengali calendar 1421Berber calendar 2964British Regnal year N/ABuddhist calendar 2558Burmese calendar 1376Byzantine calendar 7522–7523Chinese calendar 癸巳年 (Water Snake)4710 or 4650 — to —甲午年 (Wood Horse)4711 or 4651Coptic calendar 1730–1731Ethiopian calendar 2006–2007Hebrew calendar 5774–5775Hindu calendars - Vikram Samvat 2070–2071- Shaka Samvat 1936–1937- Kali Yuga 5115–5116Holocene calendar 12014Igbo calendar 1014–1015Iranian calendar 1392–1393Islamic calendar 1435–1436Japanese calendar Heisei 26(平成２６年)Juche calendar 103Julian calendar Gregorian minus 13 daysKorean calendar 4347Minguo calendar ROC 103民國103年Thai solar calendar 2557Unix time 1388534400–1420070399This box: view talk edit
2014 (MMXIV) will be a common year starting on Wednesday (link willdisplay the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar, the 2014th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 14th year of the 3rd millennium , 14th year of the 21st century, and 5th year of the 2010s decade.
The United Nations designated 2014 as the International Year of Family Farming and Crystallography.[1]Predicted and scheduled events
JanuaryJanuary 1 – Latvia will officially adopt the euro currency and will become the eighteenth Eurozone country.FebruaryFebruary 7–23 – The 2014 Winter Olympics will be held in Sochi, Russia.MarchMarch 27 – Comet Holmes (17P/Holmes) will reach perihelion.AprilApril 29 – An annular solar eclipse will occur.MayMay 29 – Faye\'s Comet will reach perihelion.JuneJune 12 – July 13 – The 2014 FIFA World Cup will be held in Brazil.The Sky City skyscraper is planned for completion in Changsha, Hunan, China.AugustAugust 24 – NASA\'s New Horizons spacecraft will cross the orbit of Neptune after travelling for over eight years. New Horizons is scheduledto reach its mission target, Pluto, in 2015.SeptemberSeptember 18 – The Scottish independence referendum will be held.The first unmanned flight test of NASA\'s Orion spacecraft is scheduled to be launched in September 2014.DecemberDecember 31 – The United States and the United Kingdom will officially withdraw their troops from Afghanistan, marking the end of their 13-year involvement in the Afghan Civil War.Date unknownCatalonia will hold an independence referendum in 2014.Moore\'s Law of continuous microchip miniaturization is likely to become obsolete in 2014 due to economic constraints.[2]The International Cometary Explorer, a 1978 NASA solar probe that was repurposed for a mission to explore comets, will approach Earth for the first time in decades. Unless it is reactivated for a new mission, it has enough propellant to be re-captured in the Earth system and potentially recovered in orbit. It has already been donated to the Smithsonian Institution if it should be returned to Earth intact.The IPCC Fifth Assessment Report is scheduled to be published.[3]A commercial cure for baldness is predicted to become available in 2014.[4]JAXA\'s Hayabusa 2 asteroid sample return mission is expected to be launched in 2014.[5]The first commercial products using memristor technology are expected to become available in 2014.[6]Major religious holidays and observances
January 6 – Christmas (Armenian Church)January 7 – Christmas (Eastern Christianity)February 1 – Imbolc (celebrated on February 2 in some places)March 4 – Shrove TuesdayMarch 5 – Ash WednesdayMarch 20 – Vernal equinoxApril 20 – EasterMay 1 – May DayJune 8 – PentecostJune 15 – All Saints\' Day (Eastern Christianity)June 21 – Summer solstice, also known as MidsummerAugust 1 – LammasSeptember 23 – Autumnal equinoxSeptember 25 – Rosh Hashanah (Judaism)October 4 – Eid al-AdhaOctober 4 – Yom KippurOctober 23 – DiwaliNovember 1 – All Saints\' Day (Western Christianity) and SamhainDecember 17 – HanukkahDecember 21 – Winter solsticeDecember 25 – Christmas (Western Christianity)In fiction
FilmMoon Child (2003)EPIC 2014 (2004): The plot concludes in this year.White House Down (2013): The events of this film take place on October 4 of this year.Pacific Rim (2013): The Mexican city of Cabo San Lucas is the target of a kaiju attack in 2014.TelevisionIn the 2009 Supernatural episode \"The End\", the angel Zachariah sends Dean Winchester to this year to convince him to be a host for Michael.Computer and video gamesSoldiers of Anarchy (2002)Shattered Union (2005): The Second American Civil War begins in this year.Tom Clancy\'s Ghost Recon Advanced Warfighter 2 (2007)Metal Gear Solid 4: Guns of the Patriots (2008)Battlefield 3 (2011)Call of Duty: Black Ops II (2012): The main antagonist, Raul Menendez, begins his propaganda campaign on June 22, 2nd millenniumCenturies: 19th century – 20th century – 21st centuryDecades: 1880s 1890s 1900s – 1910s – 1920s 1930s 1940sSubjectArchaeology Architecture Art Aviation Awards Comics Film Literature(Poetry) Meteorology Music Rail transport Radio Science Sports TelevisionBy countryAustralia Canada China Ecuador France Germany Greece India Ireland Italy Japan Malaya Mexico New Zealand Norway Ottoman Syria Philippines Russia Singapore South Africa United Kingdom United StatesLeadersSovereign states State leaders Religious leaders LawBirth and death categoriesBirths DeathsEstablishments and disestablishments categoriesEstablishments DisestablishmentsWorks and introductions categoriesWorks Introductionsv t e1914 in other calendarsGregorian calendar 1914MCMXIVAb urbe condita 2667Armenian calendar 1363ԹՎ ՌՅԿԳAssyrian calendar 6664Bahá\'í calendar 70–71Bengali calendar 1321Berber calendar 2864British Regnal year 3 Geo. 5 – 4 Geo. 5Buddhist calendar 2458Burmese calendar 1276Byzantine calendar 7422–7423Chinese calendar 癸丑年 (Water Ox)4610 or 4550 — to —甲寅年 (Wood Tiger)4611 or 4551Coptic calendar 1630–1631Ethiopian calendar 1906–1907Hebrew calendar 5674–5675Hindu calendars - Vikram Samvat 1970–1971- Shaka Samvat 1836–1837- Kali Yuga 5015–5016Holocene calendar 11914Igbo calendar 914–915Iranian calendar 1292–1293Islamic calendar 1332–1333Japanese calendar Taishō 3(大正３年)Juche calendar 3Julian calendar Gregorian minus 13 daysKorean calendar 4247Minguo calendar ROC 3民國3年Thai solar calendar 2457Year 1914 (MCMXIV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) in the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Wednesday in the Julian calendar. It was the year that saw the beginning of what became known as World War I.
Events
JanuaryJanuary 1 – British colonies of Northern and Southern protectoratesof Nigeria are merged to form one country The new country is named \"Nigeria\" by Flora, Lady Lugard, wife of the governor, Sir Frederick Lugard.January 9 – The Phi Beta Sigma fraternity is founded by African American students at Howard University in Washington, D.C.January 11 – The Sakurajima volcano in Japan begins to erupt, becoming effusive after a very large earthquake on January 13. The lava flows cause the island which it formed to be linked to the Ōsumi Peninsula.FebruaryFebruary 2 – Charlie Chaplin makes his film début in the comedy short Making a Living.February 7 – Release of Charlie Chaplin\'s second film, the Keystonecomedy Kid Auto Races at Venice, in which his character of The Tramp isintroduced to audiences (although first filmed in Mabel\'s Strange Predicament, released two days later).[1][2][3]February 8 – The Luxembourg national football team has its first victory, beating France 5–4 in a friendly match, for the first and only time in football history.February 10 – Release of the film Hearts Adrift; the name of Mary Pickford, the star, is displayed above the title on movie marquees.February 13 – Copyright: In New York City ASCAP, the American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers, is established to protect the copyrighted musical compositions of its members.February 26 – The ocean liner that will become HMHS Britannic, sister to the RMS Titanic, is launched at the Harland and Wolff shipyards in Belfast.February 28 – Autonomous Republic of Northern Epirus proclaimed by ethnic Greeks in Northern Epirus.MarchMarch 1 – The Republic of China joins the Universal Postal Union.March 6 – Founding of FK Vojvodina football club in Novi Sad (Serbia)March 7 – Prince William of Wied arrives in Albania to begin his reign.March 10 – Suffragette Mary Richardson damages Velázquez\' painting Rokeby Venus in London\'s National Gallery with a meat chopper.March 16 – Henriette Caillaux, wife of French minister Joseph Caillaux, murders Gaston Calmette, editor of Le Figaro, fearing publication of letters showing she and Caillaux were romantically involved during his first marriage. (She is later acquitted).March 27 – Belgian surgeon Albert Hustin makes the first successful non-direct blood transfusion, using anticoagulants.March 29 – Katherine Routledge and her husband arrive in Easter Island to make the first true study of it (they depart August 1915)AprilApril 9 – The Tampico Affair later results in the occupation of the Mexican port city of Veracruz for over 6 months.April 11Alpha Rho Chi, a professional architecture fraternity, is founded in the Hotel Sherman in Chicago.Canadian Margaret C. MacDonald is appointed Matron-in-Chief of the Canadian Nursing service band and becomes the first woman in the BritishEmpire to reach the rank of major.April 14–April 18 – First International Criminal Police Congress held in Monaco. 24 countries are represented including some from Asia, Europe, and the Americas; the Dean of the Paris Law School is president.April 20 – Colorado coalfield Massacre or Ludlow Massacre: The Colorado National Guard attacks a tent colony of 1,200 striking coal miners in Ludlow, Colorado.April 20 – President Woodrow Wilson asks congress to use military force in Mexico in reaction to the Tampico Incident.April 21 – 2,300 U.S. Sailors and Marines from the South Atlantic fleet land in Vera Cruz, Mexico.April 22 – Mexico, for the time being ends diplomatic relations with the United States.MayMay 9 – J.T. Hearne becomes the first bowler to take 3,000 first-class wickets.May 14 – Woodrow Wilson signs a Mother\'s Day proclamation.May 17 – Protocol of Corfu provides for the provinces of Korçë and Gjirokastër, constituting Northern Epirus, to be granted autonomy under the nominal sovereignty of Albania.May 25 – The United Kingdom\'s House of Commons passes Irish Home Rule.May 29 – The ocean liner RMS Empress of Ireland sinks in the Gulf of St. Lawrence; 1,012 lives are lost.May 30 – The ocean liner RMS Aquitania makes her maiden voyage.JuneJune 1 – Woodrow Wilson\'s envoy Edward Mandell House meets with Kaiser Wilhelm II.June 9 – Pittsburgh Pirate Honus Wagner becomes the first baseball player with 3000 career hits.June 18 – Mexican Revolution: The Constitutionals take San Luis Potosí; Venustiano Carranza demands Victoriano Huerta\'s surrender.June 23 – After it had been closed so that it could be deepened, the Kaiser-Wilhelm-Kanal is reopened by the Kaiser; the British Fleet under Sir George Warrender visits; the Kaiser inspects the Dreadnought HMS King George V (1911).June 24 – In Manchester, New Hampshire, a downtown fire causes $400,000 damage and injures 19 firemen.Gavrilo Princip captured after Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria.June 28 – Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria: Serbian nationalist Gavrilo Princip assassinates Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria and his wife, Duchess Sophie, in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.June 29Austria-Hungary: The Secretary of the Legation at Belgrade sends a dispatch to Vienna suggesting Serbian complicity in the crime of Sarajevo. Anti-Serb riots erupt in Sarajevo and throughout Bosnia generally.Chionya Gusyeva attempts and fails to assassinate Grigori Rasputin at his home town in Siberia.June 30 – Among those addressing the Parliament of the United Kingdom on the murdered Archduke are Lords Crewe and Lansdowne in the House of Lords and Messrs Asquith and Law in the Commons.JulyThe central temple of the Iglesia ni Cristo.July 2 – The German Kaiser announces that he will not attend the Archduke\'s funeral.July 4 – The Archduke\'s funeral takes place at Artstetten (50 miles west of Vienna), Austria-Hungary.July 5 – A council is held at Potsdam, powerful leaders within Austria-Hungary and Germany meet to discuss possibilities of war with Serbia, Russia, and France.July 7 – Austria-Hungary convenes a Council of Ministers, includingMinisters for Foreign Affairs and War, the Chief of the General Staff and Naval Commander-in-Chief; the Council lasts from 11.30 a.m. to 6.15 p.m.July 9 – The Emperor of Austria-Hungary receives the report of Austro-Hungarian investigation into the Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria at Sarajevo. The Times publishes an account of the Austro-Hungarian press campaign against the Serbians (who are described as \"pestilent rats\").July 10 – Mr. Hartwig, Russian Minister to Serbia, dies suddenly at the Austrian Legation in Belgrade.July 11 – Baseball legend Babe Ruth makes his major league debut with the Red Sox.July 12 – U.S. Supreme Court justice Horace H. Lurton succumbs to a heart attack at age 70.July 13 – Reports surface of a projected Serbian attack upon the Austro-Hungarian Legation at Belgrade.July 14 – The Government of Ireland Bill completes its passage through the House of Lords of the U.K. It allows Ulster counties to voteon whether or not they wish to participate in Home Rule from Dublin.July 15 – Mexican Revolution: Victoriano Huerta resigns the presidency of Mexico and leaves for Coatzacoalcos, Veracruz.July 18The Signal Corps of the United States Army is formed, giving definite status to its air service for the first time.The British Fleet at Spithead is reviewed by the King.July 19 – King George V of the United Kingdom summons a conference to discuss the Irish Home Rule problem. This meets from July 21 to 24 without reaching consensus.July 23 – Austria-Hungary presents Serbia with an unconditional ultimatum.July 25 – Austria-Hungary severs diplomatic ties with Serbia and begins to mobilize its own forces.July 27 – Brother Felix Ysagun Manalo registers the Iglesia ni Cristo (Church of Christ) with the government of the Philippine islands.Map of European alliances in 1914July 28World War I: Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia and its army bombards Belgrade.Tsar Nicholas II of Russia orders a partial mobilization against Austria-Hungary.July 29 – In Massachusetts, the new Cape Cod Canal opens; it shortens the trip between New York and Boston by 66 miles, but also turns Cape Cod into an island.July 31 – Russia orders full mobilization.AugustMobilization in Germany.August 1The German Empire declares war on the Russian Empire, following Russia\'s military mobilization in support of Serbia; Germany also beginsmobilization.France orders general mobilization.New York Stock Exchange closed due to war in Europe, where nearly all stock exchanges are already closed.Marcus Garvey founds the Universal Negro Improvement Association in Jamaica.August 2German troops occupy Luxembourg in accordance with its Schlieffen Plan.A secret treaty between Turkey and Germany secures Turkish neutrality.At 7:00 pm (local time) Germany issues a 12-hour ultimatum to neutral Belgium to allow German passage into France.August 3Germany declares war on Russia\'s ally, France.At 7:00 am (local time) Belgium declines to accept Germany\'s ultimatum of August 2.August 4 – German troops invade Belgium at 8:02 am (local time). Declaration of war by the United Kingdom on Germany for this violation of Belgian neutrality. This effectively means a declaration of war by the whole British Empire against the German Empire. The United States declares neutrality.August 5The Kingdom of Montenegro declares war on Austria-Hungary.Germany declares war on Belgium.The guns of Point Nepean fort at Port Phillip Heads in Victoria (Australia) fire across the bows of the Norddeutscher Lloyd steamer SS Pfalz which is attempting to leave the Port of Melbourne in ignorance ofthe declaration of war and she is detained; this is said to be the first Allied shot of the War.[4]SS Königin Luise (1913), taken over two days earlier by the Imperial German Navy as a minelayer, lays mines 40 miles (64 km) off theeast coast of England. She is intercepted and sunk by the British RoyalNavy light cruiser HMS Amphion (1911), the first German naval loss of the war. The following day, Amphion strikes mines laid by the Königin Luise and is sunk with some loss of life, the first British casualties of the war.German zeppelins drop bombs on Liége in Belgium, killing 9 civilians.First electric traffic light is installed between Euclid Avenue and East 105 Street, Cleveland, Ohio.August 5–August 16 – Battle of Liège: The German Army overruns and defeats the Belgians.August 6 – Austria-Hungary declares war on Russia.August 7 – British colonial troops of the British Gold Coast Regiment entering the German West African colony of Togoland encounter the German-led police force at a factory in Nuatja, near Lomé, and the police open fire on the patrol.[5] Alhaji Grunshi returns fire,[6] the first soldier in British service to fire a shot in the war.[5]August 8German colonial forces execute Martin-Paul Samba for high treason.Sir Ernest Shackleton\'s Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition sets sail on the Endurance from England in an attempt to cross Antarctica.August 12 – Battle of Haelen: Belgian troops repulse the Germans.August 15The Panama Canal is inaugurated with the passage of the SS Ancon.Mexican Revolution: Venustiano Carranza\'s troops under general Alvaro Obregon enter Mexico City.August 15–August 24 – Battle of Cer: Serbian troops defeat the Austro-Hungarian army, marking the first Entente victory of World War I.August 17–September 2 – World War I: The Battle of Tannenberg begins between German and Russian forces.August 20 – World War I: German forces occupy Brussels.August 23 – World War I:Battle of Mons: In its first major action, the British Expeditionary Force defeats the German forces.Japan declares war on Germany.August 26The German West African colony of Togoland surrenders to Britain and France.August 26–August 27 – Battle of Le Cateau: British, French and Belgian forces make a successful tactical retreat from the German advance.August 26–August 30 – The Russian Second Army is surrounded and defeated in the Battle of Tannenberg.August 28 – Battle of Heligoland Bight: British cruisers under Admiral Beatty sink 3 German cruisers.August 29–August 30 – The Battle of St. Quentin: French forces hold back the German advance.SeptemberPope Benedict XV, the new PopeSeptember 1Saint Petersburg in Russia changes its name to Petrograd.The last known passenger pigeon \"Martha\" dies in the Cincinnati Zoo.September 2 – Moronvilliers is occupied by the Germans.September 3 – Pope Benedict XV (Giacomo della Chiesa) succeeds Pope Pius X as the 258th pope.William, Prince of Albania leaves the country after just 6 months due to opposition to his rule.September 4London Agreement: No member of the Triple Entente (Britain, France,or Russia) may seek a separate peace with the Central Powers.September 5 – World War I: First Battle of the Marne: Northeast of Paris, the French 6th Army under General Maunoury attacks German forces nearing Paris. Over 2 million fight (500,000 killed/wounded) in the Allied victory. A French and British counterattack at the Marne ends theGerman advance on Paris.September 7 – World War I: Turkey declares war on BelgiumSeptember 8 – World War I: Private Thomas Highgate became the firstBritish soldier to be executed for desertion during the Great War.September 13 – South African troops open hostilities in German South-West Africa (today Namibia) with an assault on the Ramansdrift police station.September 17 – Andrew Fisher becomes Prime Minister of Australia for the third time.September 26 – The U.S. Federal Trade Commission (FTC) is established by the Federal Trade Commission Act.September 28 – The First Battle of the Aisne ends indecisively.September 30 – The Flying Squadron is established to promote the temperance movement.OctoberOctober 3 – World War I: 25,000 Canadian troops depart for Europe.October 9 – World War I: Siege of Antwerp: Antwerp, Belgium falls to German troops.October 27World War I: The British super-dreadnought battleship HMS Audacious(23,400 tons), is sunk off Tory Island, north-west of Ireland, by a minefield laid by the armed German merchant-cruiser Berlin.The Greek army occupies Northern Epirus with the approval of the Allies.October 28World War I: Battle of Penang, Malaya: The German cruiser Emden sinks a Russian cruiser and French destroyer before escaping.Sentencing of participants in the Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria at Sarajevo. Gavrilo Princip, being under 20 at thedate of the assassination, cannot be given a death sentence and is given twenty years imprisonment.October 29 – World War I: Ottoman warships shell Russian Black Sea ports; Russia, France, and Britain declare war on November 1–November 5.NovemberNovember 1 – World War I: Battle of Coronel: A Royal Navy squadron commanded by Rear-Admiral Sir Christopher Cradock is met and defeated bysuperior German forces led by Vice-Admiral Graf Maximilian von Spee, inthe first British naval defeat of the war, resulting in the loss of HMSGood Hope and HMS Monmouth.November 5 – Britain and France declare war on Turkey.November 5 – The United Kingdom annexes Cyprus, and together with France declares war on the Ottoman Empire.November 7 – Siege of Tsingtao: The Japanese and British seize Jiaozhou Bay in China, the base of the German East Asia Squadron.November 9 – World War I – Battle of Cocos: The German cruiser Emden is sunk by the Australian cruiser Sydney.November 16 – A year after being created by passage of the Federal Reserve Act of 1913, the Federal Reserve Bank of the United States officially opens for business.November 21 – In New Haven CT, the new Yale Bowl officially opens; Harvard defeats Yale 36-0 in the first football game held here.November 23 – U.S. troops withdraw from Veracruz. Venustiano Carranza\'s troops take over and Carranza makes the town his headquarters.November 24 – Benito Mussolini is expelled from the Italian Socialist Party.November 28 – World War I: Following a war-induced closure in July, the New York Stock Exchange re-opens for bond trading.DecemberDecember 2 – Austrian-Hungarian forces occupy Belgrade, Serbia.December 8 – Battle of the Falkland Islands, between Doveton Sturdee and Maximilian von Spee squadrons.December 12 – The New York Stock Exchange re-opened, having been closed since 1 Aug 1914 except for bond trading.December 15 – A gas explosion at the Mitsubishi Hojyo coal mine, Kyūshū, Japan, kills 687 (the worst coal mine disaster in Japanese history).December 17 – U.S. President Woodrow Wilson signs the Harrison Narcotics Tax Act (initially introduced by Francis Burton Harrison).December 18 – Egypt becomes a British protectorate.[7]December 19 – The Battle of Kolubara ends, resulting in a decisive Serbian victory over Austria-Hungary.December 24 – World War I:British and German soldiers interrupt World War I to celebrate Christmas, beginning the Christmas truce.German air raid on Dover, England.Date unknownChina declares its neutrality in World War I.Oxymorphone, a powerful narcotic analgesic closely related to morphine is first developed in Germany.The first everyday items made of stainless steel come into public circulation.Blaise Diagne of Senegal becomes the first black African representative in the French parliament.Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi returns to India from South Africa to spearhead the Indian independence movement.The capital of the Guangxi Province of China is moved from Guilin to Nanning.The Port of Orange, Texas, is dredged for the fabrication of vessels for the United States Navy.The United States Power Squadrons is formed.Phi Sigma, a local undergraduate classical club, is founded by a group of students in the Greek Department at the University of Chicago.Fashion and perfumes company Puig is founded in Barcelona.Henry Ford sells 248,000 cars.Births
JanuaryJanuary 1 – Noor Inayat Khan, World War II heroine (d. 1944)January 2 – Violet Stuart Mann (aka Vivian Stuart, Alex Stuart, Barbara Allen, Fiona Finlay, V.A. Stuart, William Stuart Long, Robyn Stuart), British writer (d. 1986)January 4Herman Franks, American baseball player (d. 2009)Jean-Pierre Vernant, French historian and anthropologist (d. 2007)January 5 – George Reeves, American actor (Superman) (d. 1959)January 12 – Albrecht von Goertz, German car designer (d. 2006)January 13 – Ted Willis, British television dramatist and author (d. 1992)January 14 – Harold Russell, Canadian actor (d. 2002)January 15 – Hugh Trevor-Roper, Baron Dacre of Glanton, English historian (d. 2003)January 17Anacleto Angelini, Italian-born businessman (d. 2007)William Stafford, American poet and pacifist (d. 1993)January 18 – Arno Schmidt, German author (d. 1979)January 22 – Syd Hartley, English professional association football player (d. 1987)January 26 – Princess Hadice Hayriye Ayshe Dürrühsehvar (d. 2006)January 30John Ireland, Canadian-born actor (d. 1992)David Wayne, American actor (d. 1995)January 31Daya Mata, President of Self-Realization Fellowship (d. 2010)Jersey Joe Walcott, American boxer (d. 1994)FebruaryFebruary 1 – George Nissen, American gymnast and inventor of the trampoline (d. 2010)February 4 – Alfred Andersch, German writer (d. 1980)February 5William S. Burroughs, American author (d. 1997)Alan Lloyd Hodgkin, British scientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1998)February 6 – Thurl Ravenscroft, American voice actor (d. 2005)February 9Ernest Tubb, American singer (d. 1984)Bill Justice, American Disney animator (d. 2011)February 11 – Matt Dennis, American singer and songwriter (d. 2002)February 12 – Tex Beneke, American bandleader (d. 2000)February 15 – Kevin McCarthy, American actor (d. 2010)February 16 – Jimmy Wakely, American country-western singer and actor (d. 1982)February 19 – Jacques Dufilho, French comedian and actor (d. 2005)February 20 – Peter Rogers, British film producer (d. 2009)February 22 – Renato Dulbecco, Italian-born virologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 2012)February 23 – Theofiel Middelkamp, Dutch cyclist (d. 2005)February 24 – Zachary Scott, American actor (d. 1965)MarchMarch 1Harry Caray, baseball broadcaster (d. 1998)Ralph Ellison, American writer (d. 1994)March 2Mayo Kaan, bodybuilder (d. 2002)Martin Ritt, American director (d. 1990)March 3Asger Jorn, Danish painter (d. 1973)Julio Franco Arango, Colombian Roman Catholic bishop (d. 1980)March 4Ward Kimball, American cartoonist (d. 2002)Robert R. Wilson, American physicist, sculptor and architect (d. 2000)March 6 – Kiril Kondrashin, Russian conductor (d. 1981)March 8 – Yakov Borisovich Zel\'dovich, Russian physicist (d. 1987)March 13 – Edward \"Butch\" O\'Hare, American pilot (d. 1943)March 14Bill Owen, English actor (Last of the Summer Wine\'s \'Compo\') (d. 1999)Abdias do Nascimento, Brazilian actor, artist and politician (d. 2011)March 17 – Sammy Baugh, American football player (d. 2008)March 19Jay Berwanger, American football player (d. 2002)Jiang Qing, Chinese politician (d. 1991)March 25 – Norman Borlaug, American agricultural scientist, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 2009)March 26 – William Westmoreland, American Vietnam War general (d. 2005)March 27 – Budd Schulberg, American screenwriter (d. 2009)March 28 – Edmund Muskie, American politician (d. 1996)March 30 – Sonny Boy Williamson I, American musician (d. 1948)March 31 – Octavio Paz, Mexican diplomat and writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1998)AprilApril 2Alec Guinness, English actor (d. 2000)Hans Wegner, Danish furniture designer (d. 2007)April 3 – Sam Manekshaw, Field Marshal of Indian Army (d. 2008)April 4 – Marguerite Duras, French author and director (d. 1996)April 8María Félix, Mexican actress (d. 2002)Claire Martin, Canadian authorApril 9 – Nouhak Phoumsavanh, President of Laos (d. 2008)April 11 – Robert Stanfield, Premier of Nova Scotia (d. 2003)April 12Armen Alchian, American author and economist (d. 2013)Adriaan Blaauw, Dutch astronomer (d. 2010)April 13 – Orhan Veli, Turkish poet (d. 1950)April 21 – James Henry Quello, American Federal Communications Commissioner (d. 2010)April 22Baldev Raj Chopra, Indian film director (d. 2008)Jan de Hartog, Dutch writer (d. 2002)April 26Bernard Malamud, American author (d. 1986)Lilian Rolfe, French-born World War II heroine (d. 1945)April 28 – Michel Mohrt, French author and historian (d. 2011)April 30 – Dorival Caymmi, Brazilian songwriter (d. 2008)MayMay 3 – Martín de Riquer, Spanish writer and Romantic scholar (d. 2013)May 8 – Romain Gary, Russian-born writer and diplomat (d. 1980)May 9 – Hank Snow, Canadian country musician (d. 1999)May 12Bertus Aafjes, Dutch poet (d. 1993)Howard K. Smith, American journalist (d. 2002)May 13Phil Drabble, British author and television personality (d. 2007)Joe Louis, American boxer (d. 1981)May 14Corneliu Coposu, Romanian politician (d. 1995)Hideko Maehata, Japanese swimmer (d. 1995)May 16 – Edward T. Hall, American anthropologist (d. 2009)May 18Alla Bayanova, Russian singer (d. 2011)Boris Christoff, Bulgarian opera singer (d. 1993)May 19Max Perutz, Austrian-born molecular biologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry (d. 2002)Go Seigen, Japanese Go playerAlex Shibicky, Canadian hockey player (d. 2005)May 20 – Avraham Shapira, head of the Rabbinical court of Jerusalemand the Supreme Rabbinic Court; rosh yeshiva of Mercaz HaRav (d. 2007)May 22Vance Packard, American social critic and author (d. 1996)Sun Ra, American musician (d. 1993)Edward Arthur Thompson, British historian (d. 1994)May 24Arthur A. Link, American politician (d. 2010)George Tabori, Hungarian writer and director (d. 2007)May 26 – Frankie Manning, American choreographer and dancer (d. 2009)May 28 – W. G. G. Duncan Smith, British World War II pilot (d. 1996)May 31 – Akira Ifukube, Japanese classical music/film composer (d. 2006)JuneJune 11 – Trammell Crow, American developer (d. 2009)June 15Yuri Andropov, Soviet leader (d. 1984)Saul Steinberg, Romanian-born cartoonist (d. 1999)June 18 – E. G. Marshall, American actor (d. 1998)June 19 – Alan Cranston, U.S. Senator (d. 2000)June 21 – William Vickrey, Canadian economist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1996)June 24 – Frances Oldham Kelsey, American Food and Drug Administration reviewerJune 26 – Doc Williams, American musician (d. 2011)June 29 – Rafael Kubelík, Czech-born conductor (d. 1996)June 30 – Bill Monti, Australian rugby union player (d. 1977)JulyJuly 2Frederick Fennell, American conductor (d. 2004)Ethelreda Leopold, American film actress (d. 1998)July 5 – Gerda Gilboe, Danish actress (d. 2009)July 6 – Vincent J. McMahon, professional wrestling promoter (d. 1988)July 8Jyoti Basu, Indian politician (d. 2010)Sarah P. Harkness, American architect (d. 2013)July 10Charles Donnelly, Irish poet (d. 1937)Joe Shuster, Canadian-born comic book author (d. 1992)July 11 – Aníbal Troilo, Argentine tango musician (d. 1975)July 14 – George Putnam, American reporter and talk show host (d. 2008)July 15Hammond Innes, English author (d. 1998)Akhtar Hameed Khan, pioneer of microcredit in developing countries (d. 1999)Gavin Maxwell, Scottish naturalist and author (d. 1969)July 19John Kenneth Macalister, Canadian World War II hero (d. 1944)Marius Russo, American baseball player (d. 2005)July 20Charilaos Florakis, Greek Communist leader (d. 2005)Masa Niemi, Finnish actor (d. 1960)Ersilio Cardinal Tonini, Italian Roman Catholic prelateJuly 23 – Virgil Finlay, American artist (d. 1971)July 24 – Ed Mirvish, Canadian businessman and philanthropist (d. 2007)July 25 – Lionel Van Deerlin, American politician (d. 2008)July 27 – Gusti Huber, Austrian actress (d. 1993)July 29 – Irwin Corey, American actor and comicJuly 30 – Lord Killanin, Irish president of the International Olympic Committee (d. 1999)AugustAugust 2 – Beatrice Straight, American actress (d. 2001)August 5 – Parley Baer, American actor (d. 2002)August 9Gordon Cullen, British architect (d. 1994)Ferenc Fricsay, Hungarian conductor (d. 1963)Tove Jansson, Finnish author (d. 2001)August 10Ken Annakin, British film director (d. 2009)Jeff Corey, American actor and drama teacher (d. 2002)August 11 – Hugh Martin, American composer (d. 2011)August 15 – Paul Rand, American graphic designer (d. 1996)August 17Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Jr., American lawyer and politician (d. 1988)Gabrielle Weidner, Belgian World War II heroine (d. 1945)August 26 – Julio Cortázar, Argentine writer (d. 1984)August 27 – Heidi Kabel, German actress (d. 2010)August 30 – Julie Bishop, American actress (d. 2001)SeptemberSeptember 2 – Lord George-Brown, British politician (d. 1985)September 5Sor Isolina Ferré, Puerto Rican Catholic nun (d. 2000)Nicanor Parra, Chilean poetSeptember 7 – James Van Allen, American physicist (d. 2006)September 10 – Robert Wise, American film producer (d. 2005)September 11 – Pavle, Patriarch of Serbia, leader of the Serbian Orthodox Church (d. 2009)September 12Desmond Llewelyn, Welsh actor (d. 1999)Janusz Zurakowski, Polish-born pilot (d. 2004)September 13 – Ralph Rapson, American architect (d. 2008)September 14Robert McCloskey, American children\'s author/illustrator (d. 2003)Clayton Moore, American actor (The Lone Ranger) (d. 1999)September 15Creighton Williams Abrams, U.S. Vietnam War general (d. 1974)Adolfo Bioy Casares, Argentinian writer (d. 1999)Jens Otto Krag, Danish politician, Prime Minister of Denmark (d. 1978)September 16 – Allen Funt, American television show host (Candid Camera) (d. 1999)September 17 – Thomas J. Bata, Czech-born businessman (d. 2008)September 18 – Jack Cardiff, British cinematographer, director, and photographer (d. 2009)September 20Ken Hechler, American politicianKenneth More, English actor (d. 1982)September 21 – Bob Lido, American singer and musician (d. 2000)September 23Bethsabée de Rothschild, English philanthropist and patron of dance (d. 1999)Omar Ali Saifuddin III, Sultan of Brunei (d. 1986)September 24 – Andrzej Panufnik, Polish-born British musician and composer (d. 1991)September 26 – Jack LaLanne, American fitness, exercise and nutritional expert (d. 2011)OctoberOctober 1 – Daniel J. Boorstin, American historian, writer, and Librarian of Congress (d. 2004)October 2 – Jack Parsons, American rocket engineer (d. 1952)October 4 – Jim Cairns, Australian politician (d. 2003)October 6 – Thor Heyerdahl, Norwegian explorer (d. 2002)October 8 – Henry C. Pearson, American abstract and modernist painter (d. 2006)October 10 – Tommy Fine, baseball player (d. 2005)October 14Raymond Davis Jr., American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2006)Dick Durrance, American skier (d. 2004)October 16 – Mohammed Zahir Shah, King of Afghanistan (d. 2007)October 17 – Jerry Siegel, American comic book author (d. 1996)October 21 – Martin Gardner, American writer (d. 2010)October 25John Berryman, American poet (d. 1972)Maudie Prickett, American actress (d. 1976)October 26 – Jackie Coogan, American actor (d. 1984)October 27 – Dylan Thomas, Welsh poet and author (d. 1953)October 28Glenn Robert Davis, U.S. congressman (d. 1988)Jonas Salk, American medical scientist (d. 1995)Richard Laurence Millington Synge, English chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1994)October 30 – Anna Wing, English actress (EastEnders) (d. 2013)NovemberNovember 1 – Moshe Teitelbaum, Hassidic rabbi (d. 2006)November 2 – Johnny Vander Meer, baseball player (d. 1997)November 5 – Alton Tobey, American artist (d. 2005)November 6Jonathan Harris, American actor (Lost in Space) (d. 2002)Leonard Miall, British broadcaster and television personality (d. 2005)November 8George Dantzig, American mathematician (d. 2005)Norman Lloyd, American actor, producer and directorNovember 9 – Hedy Lamarr, Austrian actress (d. 2000)November 10 – Tod Andrews, American actor (d. 1972)November 11 – Howard Fast, American novelist and television writer (d. 2003)November 13 – Alberto Lattuada, Italian film director (d. 2005)November 20 – Charles Berlitz, American author (d. 2003)November 23Roger Avon, English actor (d. 1998)George Dunn, American actor (d. 1982)November 25 – Joe DiMaggio, American baseball player (d. 1999)DecemberDecember 2Bill Erwin, American actor (d. 2010)Ray Walston, American actor (d. 2001)December 7 – Alberto Castillo, Argentine tango singer and actor (d. 2002)December 10 – Dorothy Lamour, American actress and singer (d. 1996)December 12 – Patrick O\'Brian, British novelist (d. 2000)December 14 – Rosalyn Tureck, American pianist and harpsichordist (d. 2003)December 15 – Anatole Abragam, French physicist (d. 2011)December 19 – Dietrich Hrabak, German World War II flying ace (d. 1995)December 20 – Harry F. Byrd, Jr., American politician (d. 2013)December 24 – Herbert Reinecker, German writer (d. 2007)December 25 – Abelardo Raidi, Venezuelan sportswriter and radio broadcaster (d. 2002)December 26 – Richard Widmark, American actor (d. 2008)December 28 – offeria Dandaron, Buddhist author and teacher in the USSR (d. 1974)December 29 – Billy Tipton, American musician (d. 1989)December 30 – Bert Parks, American singer and actor (Miss America Pageant) (d. 1992)Date unknownTenzing Norgay, Nepalese/Tibetan mountaineer (d. 1986)Clint C. Wilson, Sr. - American cartoonist (d. 2005)Deaths
January–JuneJanuary 8 – Simon Bolivar Buckner, American soldier and politician and Confederate soldier (b. 1823)January 11 – Carl Jacobsen, Danish brewer and patron of the arts (b. 1842)January 13 – Valentin Zubiaurre, Spanish composer and professor of the Madrid Royal Conservatory (b. 1837)January 16 – Ito Sukeyuki, Japanese admiral (b. 1843)January 18 – Georges Picquart, French general and politician (b. 1854)January 20 – Federico Degetau, Puerto Rican politician (b. 1862)February 24 – Joshua Chamberlain, American Civil War general (b. 1828)February 25 – John Tenniel, English illustrator (b. 1820)March 1 – Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 4th Earl of Minto (b. 1845)March 6 – George Washington Vanderbilt II, American businessman (b. 1862)March 12 – George Westinghouse, American entrepreneur (b. 1846)March 16 – Charles Albert Gobat, Swiss politician, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1843)March 19 – Giuseppe Mercalli, Italian volcanologist (b. 1850)March 25 – Frédéric Mistral, French writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1830)April 1Paul von Rennenkampf, Russian general (executed) (b. 1854)Rube Waddell, American baseball player and MLB Hall of Famer (b. 1876)April 2 – Paul von Heyse, German writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1830)April 7 – Mohammad Ayyub Khan, former Emir of Afghanistan (b. 1855)April 19 – Empress Shōken, empress-consort of the Meiji Emperor (b. 1849)April 26 – Eduard Suess, Austrian geologist (b. 1831)May 2 – John Campbell, 9th Duke of Argyll, husband of Princess Louise of the United Kingdom (b. 1845)May 8 – Seth Edulji Dinshaw, Pakistani philanthropistMay 23 – Gustav Hamel, pioneer aviator, carried first airlmail (b. 1889)May 26 – Jacob Riis, Danish-American social reformer (b. 1849)June 11 – Adolf Friedrich V, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (b. 1848)June 14 – Adlai E. Stevenson, Vice President of the United States (b. 1835)June 15 – John Robert Sitlington Sterrett, American classical scholar and archeologist (b. 1851)June 21 – Bertha von Suttner, Austrian writer and pacifist, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1843)June 28Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria (assassinated) (b. 1863)Sophie, Duchess of Hohenberg, wife of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria (assassinated) (b. 1868)July–DecemberJuly 2 – Joseph Chamberlain, British politician (b. 1836)July 17 – Luis Uribe, Chilean naval hero (b. 1847)July 31 – Jean Jaurès, French pacifist (assassinated) (b. 1859)August 4 – Hubertine Auclert, French feminist (b. 1848)August 6 – Ellen Louise Wilson, First Lady of the United States (b. 1860)August 8Martin-Paul Samba, Cameroonian rebel leader (executed)Rudolf Duala Manga Bell, Cameroonian resistance leader (executed)August 12 – John Philip Holland, Irish developer of the submarine (b. 1840)August 20 – Pope Pius X (b. 1835)August 30 – Aleksander Samsonov, Russian general (suicide) (b. 1859)September 3 – Albéric Magnard, French composer (b. 1865)September 8 – Hans Leybold, German nihilist poet (b. 1892)September 11 – Ismail Gasprinski, Crimean Tatar intellectual (b. 1851)September 22 – Alain-Fournier, French writer (b. 1886)September 26 – August Macke, German painter (b. 1887)September 28 – Richard Warren Sears, American founder of Sears, Roebuck and Company (b. 1863)October 1 – Kitty Lange Kielland, Norwegian painter (b. 1843)October 10 – King Carol I of Romania (b. 1839)November 1 – Christopher Cradock, British admiral (killed in action) (b. 1862)November 2 – Heinrich Burkhardt, German mathematician (b. 1861)November 3 – Georg Trakl, Austrian poet (b. 1887)November 11 – A. E. J. Collins, British cricketer and soldier (b. 1885)November 12 – Augusto dos Anjos, Brazilian poet (b. 1884)November 14 – Frederick Roberts, 1st Earl Roberts of Kandahar, British field marshal (b. 1832)November 19 – Robert Jones Burdette, American minister and sentimental humorist (b. 1844)November 21 – Thaddeus C. Pound, American businessman and politician (b. 1833)December 1 – Alfred Thayer Mahan, United States Navy admiral and American geostrategist and historian (b. 1840)December 8 – Maximilian von Spee, German admiral (killed in action) (b. 1861)December 24 – John Muir, American naturalist (b. 1838)Nobel Prizes
Nobel medal.pngPhysics – Max von LaueChemistry- Theodore William RichardsMedicine – Robert BárányLiterature – not awardedPeace – not awarded
World War I
Date 28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918 (Armistice)Treaty of Versailles signed 28 June 1919(4 years and 11 months)Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye signed 10 September 1919Treaty of Neuilly-sur-Seine signed 27 November 1919Treaty of Trianon signed 4 June 1920Treaty of Sèvres signed 10 August 1920Location Europe, Africa, the Middle East, the Pacific Islands, China and off the coast of South and North AmericaResult Allied victoryEnd of the German, Russian, Ottoman, and Austro-Hungarian empiresFormation of new countries in Europe and the Middle EastTransfer of German colonies and regions of the former Ottoman Empire to other powersEstablishment of the League of Nations. (more...)BelligerentsAllied (Entente) PowersFranceBritish ZealandSouth AfricaUnited KingdomRussia (1914–17)Italy (1915–18)United States (1917–18)SerbiaRomania (1916–18)JapanBelgiumGreece (1917–18)Portugal (1916–18)...and othersCentral PowersGerman EmpireBulgaria (1915–18)Co-belligerentsJabal Shammar...and othersCommanders and leadersFrench Third Republic Raymond PoincaréFrench Third Republic Ferdinand FochBritish Empire George VRussian Empire Nicholas IIKingdom of Italy Victor Emmanuel IIIUnited States Woodrow WilsonRomania FerdinandEmpire of Japan TaishōKingdom of Serbia Peter IBelgium Albert I...and othersGerman Empire Wilhelm IIAustria-Hungary Franz Joseph I (1914–16)Austria-Hungary Karl I (1916–18)Ottoman Empire Mehmed V (1914–18)Ottoman Empire Mehmed VI (1918)Kingdom of Bulgaria Ferdinand I...and othersStrength[1]Russian Empire 12,000,000British Empire 8,841,541[2][3]French Third Republic 8,660,000[4]Kingdom of Italy 5,615,140United States 4,743,826Kingdom of Romania 1,234,000Empire of Japan 800,000Kingdom of Serbia 707,343Belgium 380,000Kingdom of Greece 250,000Total: 42,959,850[1]German Empire 13,250,000Austria-Hungary 7,800,000Ottoman Empire 2,998,321Kingdom of Bulgaria 1,200,000Total: 25,248,321Casualties and lossesMilitary dead:5,525,000Military wounded:12,831,500Military missing:4,121,000Total:22,477,500 KIA, WIA or MIA ...further details. Military dead:4,386,000Military wounded:8,388,000Military missing:3,629,000Total:16,403,000 KIA, WIA or MIA ...further details.[show] v t eTheatres of World War IWorld War I (WWI), also known as the First World War, was a global war centred in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918. From the time of its occurrence until the approach of World War II in 1939, it was called simply the World War or the Great War, and thereafter the First World War or World War I.[5][6][7] (In America it was initially called the European War.[8])More than 9 millioncombatants were killed: a scale of death impacted by industrial advancements, geographic stalemate and reliance on human wave attacks. It was the fifth-deadliest conflict in world history, paving the way formajor political changes, including revolutions in many of the nations involved.[9]
The war drew in all the world\'s economic great powers,[10] which were assembled in two opposing alliances: the Allies (based on the Triple Entente of the United Kingdom, France and the Russian Empire) andthe Central Powers of Germany and Austria-Hungary. Although Italy had also been a member of the Triple Alliance alongside Germany and Austria-Hungary, it did not join the Central Powers, as Austria-Hungary had taken the offensive against the terms of the alliance.[11] These alliances were both reorganised and expanded as more nations entered thewar: Italy, Japan and the United States joined the Allies, and the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria the Central Powers. Ultimately, more than 70million military personnel, including 60 million Europeans, were mobilised in one of the largest wars in history.[12][13]
Although a resurgence of imperialism was an underlying cause, the immediate trigger for war was the 28 June 1914 assassination of ArchdukeFranz Ferdinand of Austria, heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary, by Yugoslav nationalist Gavrilo Princip in Sarajevo. This set off a diplomatic crisis when Austria-Hungary delivered an ultimatum to the Kingdom of Serbia,[14][15] and international alliances formed over the previous decades were invoked. Within weeks, the major powers were at war and the conflict soon spread around the world.
On 28 July, the Austro-Hungarians fired the first shots in preparation for the invasion of Serbia.[16][17] As Russia mobilised, Germany invaded neutral Belgium and Luxembourg before moving towards France, leading Britain to declare war on Germany. After the German march on Paris was brought to a halt, what became known as the Western Front settled into a battle of attrition, with a trench line that would change little until 1917. Meanwhile, on the Eastern Front, the Russian army was successful against the Austro-Hungarians, but was stopped in its invasion of East Prussia by the Germans. In November 1914, the Ottoman Empire joined the war, opening fronts in the Caucasus, Mesopotamia and the Sinai. Italy and Bulgaria went to war in 1915 and Romania in 1916.
The war approached a resolution after the Russian Tsar\'s governmentcollapsed in March 1917 and a subsequent revolution in November broughtthe Russians to terms with the Central Powers. After a 1918 German offensive along the western front, the Allies drove back the Germans in aseries of successful offensives and American forces began entering the trenches. Germany, which had its own trouble with revolutionaries, agreed to an armistice on 11 November 1918, ending the war in victory for the Allies.
By the end of the war, four major imperial powers—the German, Russian, Austro-Hungarian and Ottoman empires—ceased to exist. The successor states of the former two lost substantial territory, while thelatter two were dismantled. The map of central Europe was redrawn into smaller states, with the League of Nations formed with the aim of preventing any repetition of such an appalling conflict. This aim failed, with weakened states, renewed European nationalism and the humiliation of Germany contributing to the rise of fascism and the conditions for World War II.History of World War I by region or sovereign stateEurope Belgium Bulgaria Estonia Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Luxembourg Poland Portugal Romania Spain Switzerland Ukraine United KingdomAfrica Angola East Africa Morocco South-West Africa Southern RhodesiaAmericas Brazil Canada United StatesAsia India Iran Japan Thailand Yemen VietnamAustralasia Australia New Zealand[hide] v t eMajor armed conflicts involving the United States Armed Forceslisted chronologicallyInternal Shays\' Rebellion Whiskey Rebellion Dorr Rebellion Mormon War Bleeding Kansas Utah War Civil War Indian Wars Brooks–Baxter War Coal Creek War Homestead Strike Battle of Blair Mountain Bonus ArmyInternational Revolutionary War Quasi-War First Barbary War War of 1812 Second Barbary War First Sumatran Expedition Second Sumatran Expedition Ivory Coast Expedition Mexican–American War First Fiji Expedition Second OpiumWar Second Fiji Expedition Formosa Expedition Korean Expedition Spanish–American War Philippine–American War Boxer Rebellion Banana WarsBorder War World War I Russian Civil War World War II Korean War Vietnam War Invasion of the Dominican Republic Invasion of Grenada Lebanese Civil War Invasion of Panama Gulf War Somali Civil War Bosnian War Kosovo War Afghanistan War Iraq War War in North-West Pakistan Libyan Civil WarRelated articles List of conflicts in the U.S. List of wars involving the U.S. Timeline of U.S. military operations Length of U.S. participation in major wars Overseas expansion Military history Covert regime-change actions Casualties of war[hide] v t eWorld War IHome frontsTheatres European Balkans Western Front Eastern Front Italian FrontMiddle Eastern Gallipoli Sinai and Palestine Caucasus Mesopotamia Persia South ArabiaAfrican South-West West East NorthAsian and Pacific Siege of TsingtaoAt sea Atlantic Ocean Powers Russian Empire / Republic French Empire France Vietnam British Empire United Kingdom Australia Canada India New Zealand Newfoundland South Africa Southern Rhodesia Italy Romania United States Serbia Siam Portugal China Japan Belgium Montenegro Greece Armenia BrazilCentral Powers Germany Austria-Hungary Ottoman Empire BulgariaTimeline Pre-War conflicts Mexican Revolution (1910–1920) Italo-Turkish War (1911–1912) Frenchconquest of Morocco (1911–1912) First Balkan War (1912–1913) Second Balkan War (1913)Prelude Origins Sarajevo assassination July Crisis1914 Battle of the Frontiers Battle of Cer First Battle of the Marne Battle of Tannenberg Battle of Galicia Battle of the Masurian Lakes Battle of Kolubara Battle of Sarikamish Race to the Sea First Battle of Ypres1915 Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes Second Battle of Ypres Battle of Gallipoli Battles of the Isonzo Great Retreat Second Battle of Champagne Kosovo Offensive Siege of Kut1916 Erzurum Offensive Battle of Verdun Lake Naroch Offensive Battle of Asiago Battle of Jutland Battle of the Somme Brusilov Offensive Battle of Romani Monastir Offensive Battle of Transylvania1917 Capture of Baghdad First Battle of Gaza Second Battle of Arras Kerensky Offensive Third Battle of Ypres (Passchendaele) Battle of Mărăşeşti Battle of Caporetto Battle of Jerusalem Battle of Cambrai Armistice of Erzincan1918 Operation Faustschlag Treaty of Brest-Litovsk Spring Offensive Battle of Baku Hundred Days Offensive Vardar Offensive Battle of MegiddoThird Transjordan attack Meuse-Argonne Offensive Battle of Vittorio Veneto Battle of Aleppo Armistice of Mudros Armistice of Villa Giusti Armistice with GermanyOther conflicts Somaliland Campaign (1910–1920) Libyan resistance (1911–1943) Maritz Rebellion (1914–1915) Zaian War (1914–1921) Indo-German Conspiracy (1914–1919) Senussi Campaign (1915–1916) Easter Rising (1916)Anglo Egyptian Darfur Expedition (1916) Kaocen Revolt (1916-1917) Russian Revolution (1917) Finnish Civil War (1918)Post-War conflicts Russian Civil War (1917–1921) Ukrainian Civil War (1917–1921) Armenian–Azerbaijani War (1918–1920) Georgian–Armenian War (1918) GermanRevolution (1918–1919) Revolutions and interventions in Hungary (1918–1920) Hungarian–Romanian War (1918–1919) Greater Poland Uprising (1918–1919) Estonian War of Independence (1918–1920) Latvian War of Independence (1918–1920) Lithuanian Wars of Independence (1918–1920) Third Anglo-Afghan War (1919) Egyptian Revolution (1919) Polish–Ukrainian War (1918–1919) Polish–Soviet War (1919–1921) Irish Warof Independence (1919–1921) Turkish War of Independence Greco-Turkish War (1919–1923) Turkish–Armenian War (1920) Iraqi revolt (1920) Polish–Lithuanian War (1920) Vlora War (1920) Franco-Syrian War (1920) Soviet–Georgian War (1921) Irish Civil War (1922–1923)Aspects Warfare Military engagements Naval warfare Convoy system Air warfare Cryptography Horse use Poison gas Railways Strategic bombing Technology Trench warfare Total war Christmas truce Last surviving veteransCivilian impactAtrocitiesPrisonersCasualties 1918 flu pandemic Destruction of Kalisz Rape of Belgium Ottoman people (Armenian Genocide, Assyrian Genocide, Pontic Greek Genocide) Blockade of Germany Women\'s roles Popular culture German prisoners of war in the United StatesAgreementsTreatiesPartitioning of the Ottoman Empire Sykes-Picot St.-Jean-de-Maurienne French-Armenian Damascus Paris Peace Conference Treaty of Brest-Litovsk Treaty of Lausanne Treaty of London Treaty of Neuilly Treaty of St. Germain Treaty of Sèvres Treaty of Trianon Treaty of VersaillesConsequences Aftermath \"Fourteen Points\" League of Nations World War I memorials
The Heritage of the Great War / First World War. Graphic color photos, pictures and musicA multimedia history of World War IBritish Pathé Online film archive containing extensive coverage of World War IThe Heritage of the Great War, NetherlandsThe World War I Document Archive Wiki, Brigham Young UniversityMaps of Europe covering the history of World War I at omniatlas.comThe Great War Association – World War One ReenactingYour Family History of World War I – Europeana 1914–1918(Crowd-sourcing project)EFG1914 – Film digitisation project on First World WarWWI Films on the European Film GatewayWorld War I British press photograph collection – A sampling of images distributed by the British government during the war to diplomatsoverseas, from the UBC Library Digital Collections
Trench warfare is a form of land warfare using occupied fighting lines consisting largely of trenches, in which troops are significantly protected from the enemy\'s small arms fire and are substantially sheltered from artillery. The most prominent case of trench warfare is the Western Front in World War I. It has become a byword for stalemate, attrition and futility in conflict.[1]
Trench warfare occurred when a revolution in firepower was not matched by similar advances in mobility, resulting in a gruelling form of warfare in which the defender held the advantage. In World War I, both sides constructed elaborate trench and dugout systems opposing eachother along a front, protected from assault by barbed wire. The area between opposing trench lines (known as \"no man\'s land\") was fully exposed to artillery fire from both sides. Attacks, even if successful, often sustained severe casualties as a matter of course.2013Millennium: 3rd millenniumCenturies: 20th century – 21st century – 22nd centuryDecades: 1980s 1990s 2000s – 2010s – 2020s 2030s 2040sYears: 2010 2011 2012 – 2013 – 2014 2015 20162013 by topic:News by monthJan – Feb – Mar – Apr – May – JunJul – Aug – Sep – Oct – Nov – DecArtsArchitecture– Art – Comics – Film – Home video – Literature (Poetry) – Music (Country, Metal, UK) – Radio – Television – Video gamingPoliticsElections – Int\'l leaders – Politics – State leaders – Sovereign statesScience and technologyArchaeology – Aviation – Birding/Ornithology – Meteorology – Palaeontology – Rail transport – Science – SpaceflightSportsSport– Athletics (Track and Field) – Australian Football League – Baseball –Basketball – Football (soccer) – Cricket – Ice Hockey – Motorsport – Tennis – Rugby leagueBy placeAlgeria– Argentina – Australia – Bangladesh - Belgium - Brazil – Canada – People\'s Republic of China – Denmark – El Salvador – Egypt – European Union – France – Georgia – Germany – Ghana – Hungary – India – Iraq – Iran – Ireland – Israel – Italy – Japan – Kenya – Lithuania – Luxembourg– Malaysia – Mexico – New Zealand – Norway – Pakistan – Palestinian territories – Philippines – Poland – Romania – Russia – Serbia – Singapore – South Africa – South Korea – Spain – Sri Lanka – United ArabEmirates – United Kingdom – United StatesOther topicsAwards – Law – Religious leadersBirth and death categoriesBirths – DeathsEstablishments and disestablishments categoriesEstablishments – DisestablishmentsWorks and introductions categoriesWorks – IntroductionsWorks entering the public domainv t e2013 in other calendarsGregorian calendar 2013MMXIIIAb urbe condita 2766Armenian calendar 1462ԹՎ ՌՆԿԲAssyrian calendar 6763Bahá\'í calendar 169–170Bengali calendar 1420Berber calendar 2963British Regnal year 61 Eliz. 2 – 62 Eliz. 2Buddhist calendar 2557Burmese calendar 1375Byzantine calendar 7521–7522Chinese calendar 壬辰年 (Water Dragon)4709 or 4649 — to —癸巳年 (Water Snake)4710 or 4650Coptic calendar 1729–1730Ethiopian calendar 2005–2006Hebrew calendar 5773–5774Hindu calendars - Vikram Samvat 2069–2070- Shaka Samvat 1935–1936- Kali Yuga 5114–5115Holocene calendar 12013Igbo calendar 1013–1014Iranian calendar 1391–1392Islamic calendar 1434–1435Japanese calendar Heisei 25(平成２５年)Juche calendar 102Julian calendar Gregorian minus 13 daysKorean calendar 4346Minguo calendar ROC 102民國102年Thai solar calendar 2556Unix time – The French military begins a five-month intervention into the Northern Mali conflict, targeting the militant Islamist Ansar Dine group.[1][2]January16–20 – Thirty-nine international workers and one security guard die ina hostage crisis at a natural gas facility near In Aménas, Algeria.[3][4][5][6]FebruaryFebruary12 – North Korea conducts its third underground nuclear test, promptingwidespread condemnation and tightened economic sanctions from the international community.[7][8]February15 – A meteor explodes over the Russian city of Chelyabinsk, injuring 1,491 people and damaging over 4,300 buildings. It is the most powerful meteor to strike Earth\'s atmosphere in over a century.[9] The incident, along with a coincidental flyby of a larger asteroid, prompts international concern regarding the vulnerability of the planet to meteor strikes.[10][11]February21 – American scientists use a 3D printer to create a living lab-grown ear from collagen and animal ear cell cultures. In the future, it is hoped, similar ears could be grown to order as transplants for human patients suffering from ear trauma or amputation.[12]February28 – Benedict XVI resigns as pope, becoming the first to do so since Gregory XII in 1415, and the first to do so voluntarily since Celestine Vin 1294.[13]MarchMarch13 – Cardinal Jorge Mario Bergoglio of Argentina is elected the 266th pope, whereupon he takes the name Francis[14][15][16] and becomes the first Jesuit pope, the first pope from the Americas, and the first pope from the Southern Hemisphere.[17]March24 – 2012–2013 Central African Republic conflict: Central African Republic President François Bozizé flees to the Democratic Republic of the Congo after rebel forces capture the nation\'s capital, Bangui.[18][19][20]March25 – The European Union agrees to a €10 billion economic bailout for Cyprus. The bailout loan will be equally split between the European Financial Stabilisation Mechanism, the European Financial Stability Facility, and the International Monetary Fund. The deal precipitates a banking crisis in the island nation.[21][22]March 27 – Canada becomes the first country to withdraw from the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification.[23]AprilApril 24: Savar building collapse.April2 – The United Nations General Assembly adopts the Arms Trade Treaty toregulate the international trade of conventional weapons.[24]April15 – Two bombs explode at the Boston Marathon in Boston, Massachusetts,in the United States, killing 3 and injuring 264 others.[25][26]April24 – An eight-story commercial building collapses in Savar Upazila nearthe Bangladeshi capital of Dhaka, leaving 1,129 dead[27] and 2,500 injured.[28][29][30] The accident is the deadliest non-terrorist structural collapse in modern times[31] and the third-worst industrial disaster in history.[31][not in citation given]MayMay15 – In a study published in the scientific journal Nature, researchersfrom Oregon Health & Science University in the United States describe the first creation of human embryonic stem cells by cloning.[32]JuneJune6 – American Edward Snowden discloses operations engaged by a US government mass surveillance program to news publications and flees the country, later being granted temporary asylum in Russia.[33][34][35]June14–30 – Flash floods and landslides in the Indian states of Uttarakhandand Himachal Pradesh kill more than 5,700 people and trap more than 20,000.[36][37][38][39]JulyJuly 1 – Croatia becomes the 28th member of the European Union.[40]July3 – Amid mass protests across Egypt, President Mohamed Morsi is deposedin a military coup d\'état, leading to widespread violence.[41][42]SeptemberSeptember21 – al-Shabaab Islamic militants attack the Westgate shopping mall in Nairobi, killing at least 62 civilians and wounding over 170.[43]OctoberOctober10 – Delegates from some 140 countries and territories sign the Minamata Treaty, a UNEP treaty designed to protect human health and the Environment from emissions and releases of mercury and mercury compounds.[44]Predicted and scheduled events
NovemberTheMegatons to Megawatts Program, a joint nuclear non-proliferation effortbetween the Russian Federation and the United States, is expected to expire in November 2013.[45][46]Births
July 22 – Prince George of CambridgeDeaths
Main article: Deaths in 2013Further information: Category:2013 deathsJanuaryNguyen KhanhJanuary 1 – Patti Page, American singer (b. 1927)January 3 – Sergiu Nicolaescu, Romanian film director, actor, and politician (b. 1930)January 7 – David R. Ellis, American film director (b. 1952)January 9 – James M. Buchanan, American Nobel economist (b. 1919)January 11 – Nguyen Khanh, Vietnamese general and politician (b. 1927)January 15 – Nagisa Oshima, Japanese film director (b. 1932)January 21 – Michael Winner, British film director and producer (b. 1935)January 23 – Józef Glemp, Polish cardinal (b. 1929)FebruaryDonald A. GlaserFebruary 1 – Ed Koch, American lawyer and politician (b. 1924)February 14 – Ronald Dworkin, American philosopher and lawyer (b. 1931)February 17 – Tony Sheridan, British singer, songwriter, and musician (b. 1940)February 18 – Kevin Ayers, British singer, songwriter, and musician (b. 1944)February 19Armen Alchian, American economist (b. 1914)Robert Coleman Richardson, American Nobel physicist (b. 1937)February 22 – Wolfgang Sawallisch, German conductor and pianist (b. 1923)February 23 – Julien Ries, Belgian cardinal (b. 1920)February 26 – Stéphane Hessel, French diplomat and writer (b. 1917)February 27 – Van Cliburn, American pianist (b. 1934)February 28 – Donald A. Glaser, American Nobel physicist (b. 1926)MarchHugo ChávezMarch 3 – Luis Cubilla, Uruguayan footballer (b. 1940)March 5Hugo Chávez, President of Venezuela (b. 1954)Paul Bearer, American professional wrestling manager (b. 1954)March 6 – Alvin Lee, British guitarist (b. 1944)March 7Peter Banks, British guitarist (b. 1947)Damiano Damiani, Italian film director and screenwriter (b. 1922)March 10 – Princess Lilian, Duchess of Halland, (b. 1915)March 12 – Clive Burr, British drummer (b. 1957)March 14 – Ieng Sary, Vietnamese-born Cambodian politician (b. 1925)March 20 – Zillur Rahman, 19th President of Bangladesh (b. 1929)March 21 – Pietro Mennea, Italian athlete (b. 1952)March 22 – Bebo Valdés, Cuban pianist, bandleader, and composer (b. 1918)March 23Boris Berezovsky, Russian businessman (b. 1946)Joe Weider, Canadian-born American bodybuilder and publisher (b. 1920)March 27 – Hjalmar Andersen, Norwegian skater (b. 1923)March 28 – Richard Griffiths, British actor (b. 1947)AprilMargaret ThatcherApril 2 – Jesús Franco, Spanish film director and screenwriter (b. 1930)April 3 – Ruth Prawer Jhabvala, German-born British novelist and screenwriter (b. 1927)April 4 – Roger Ebert, American film critic and writer (b. 1942)April 8 – Margaret Thatcher, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1979–1990) (b. 1925)April 9 – Paolo Soleri, Italian-born American architect (b. 1919)April 10 – Robert G. Edwards, British Nobel physiologist (b. 1925)April 11Maria Tallchief, American prima ballerina (b. 1925)Jonathan Winters, American comedian and actor (b. 1925)Hilary Koprowski, Polish virologist and immunologist (b. 1916)April 14 – Colin Davis, British conductor (b. 1927)April 18 – Storm Thorgerson, British graphic designer (b. 1944)April 19 – François Jacob, French Nobel biologist (b. 1920)April 22 – Richie Havens, American folk singer (b. 1941)April 26 – George Jones, American country music singer (b. 1931)April 28 – János Starker, Hungarian-born American cellist (b. 1924)April 30 – Deanna Durbin, Canadian-born singer and actress (b. 1921)MayRay HarryhausenMay 2 – Jeff Hanneman, American guitarist (b. 1964)May 4 – Christian de Duve, Belgian Nobel biochemist (b. 1917)May 6 – Giulio Andreotti, 41st Prime Minister of Italy (b. 1919)May 7 – Ray Harryhausen, American filmmaker and creator of visual effects (b. 1920)May 13 – Kenneth Waltz, American political scientist (b. 1924)May 15 – Henrique Rosa, President of Guinea-Bissau (2003–2005) (b. 1946)May 17 – Jorge Rafael Videla, 42nd President of Argentina (b. 1925)May 20 – Ray Manzarek, American keyboardist (b. 1939)May 22 – Henri Dutilleux, French composer (b. 1916)May 23 – Georges Moustaki, French singer and songwriter (b. 1934)May 26 – Jack Vance, American novelist (b. 1916)May 31 – Jean Stapleton, American actress (b. 1923)JuneEsther WilliamsJune 3 – Frank Lautenberg, American politician (b. 1924)June 6Jerome Karle, American Nobel chemist (b. 1918)Esther Williams, American swimmer and actress (b. 1921)June 7Pierre Mauroy, Prime Minister of France (1981–1984) (b. 1928)Richard Ramirez, American serial killer (b. 1960)June 8 – Yoram Kaniuk, Israeli writer (b. 1930)June 9 – Iain Banks, British novelist (b. 1954)June 11 – Robert Fogel, American Nobel economic historian (b. 1926)June 15Heinz Flohe, German footballer (b. 1948)Kenneth G. Wilson, American Nobel physicist (b. 1936)June 16Josip Kuže, Croatian footballer and coach (b. 1952)Ottmar Walter, German footballer (b. 1924)June 19James Gandolfini, American actor (b. 1961)Gyula Horn, Prime Minister of Hungary (1994–1998) (b. 1932)June 23Bobby Bland, American singer and songwriter (b. 1930)Richard Matheson, American author and screenwriter (b. 1926)June 24 – Emilio Colombo, 40th Prime Minister of Italy (b. 1920)June 26 – Marc Rich, Belgian-born American commodities trader and criminal (b. 1934)June 27 – Alain Mimoun, French track and field athlete (b. 1921)June 29 – Jim Kelly, American martial artist and actor (b. 1946)JulyDouglas EngelbartJJ CaleJuly 2Princess Fawzia Fuad of Egypt, Queen consort of Iran (1941–1948) (b. 1921)Douglas Engelbart, American computer scientist and inventor (b. 1925)July 12 – Amar Bose, American engineer and entrepreneur (b. 1929)July 13 – Cory Monteith, Canadian actor (b. 1982)July 19Mel Smith, British comedian and actor (b. 1952)Bert Trautmann, German-born British footballer (b. 1923)July 20 – Helen Thomas, American journalist (b. 1920)July 22 – Dennis Farina, American actor (b. 1944)July 23Emile Griffith, American welterweight boxer (b. 1938)Djalma Santos, Brazilian footballer (b. 1929)July 25Walter De Maria, American sculptor and composer (b. 1935)Bernadette Lafont, French actress (b. 1938)July 26 – JJ Cale, American singer and songwriter (b. 1938)July 28 – Eileen Brennan, American actress (b. 1932)July 29 – Christian Benítez, Ecuadorian footballer (b. 1986)July 30 – Antoni Ramallets, Spanish footballer (b. 1924)AugustPrince Friso of Orange-NassauAugust 5 – George Duke, American keyboardist (b. 1946)August 8 – Karen Black, American actress (b. 1939)August 10László Csatáry, Hungarian war criminal (b. 1915)Eydie Gormé, American singer (b. 1928)August 12 – Prince Friso of Orange-Nassau, (b. 1968)August 18 – Dezső Gyarmati, Hungarian water polo player (b. 1927)August 19 – Cedar Walton, American pianist (b. 1934)August 20Elmore Leonard, American novelist (b. 1925)Marian McPartland, English-born pianist (b. 1918)August 21 – C. Gordon Fullerton, American astronaut (b. 1936)August 24 – Julie Harris, American actress (b. 1925)August 25 – Gylmar dos Santos Neves, Brazilian footballer (b. 1930)August 30 – Seamus Heaney, Irish Nobel poet (b. 1939)August 31 – David Frost, British journalist and broadcaster (b. 1939)SeptemberKen NortonSeptember 1 – Tommy Morrison, American boxer (b. 1969)September 2Ronald Coase, British Nobel economist (b. 1910)Frederik Pohl, American writer (b. 1919)September 5 – Rochus Misch, German bodyguard of Adolf Hitler (b. 1917)September 12 – Ray Dolby, American engineer and inventor (b. 1933)September 18 – Ken Norton, American boxer (b. 1943)September 19 – Hiroshi Yamauchi, Japanese businessman (b. 1927)September 22 – David H. Hubel, Canadian-born American Nobel neuroscientist (b. 1926)OctoberVo Nguyen GiapOctober 1 – Tom Clancy, American author (b. 1947)October 3 – Sergei Belov, Russian basketball player (b. 1944)October 4 – Vo Nguyen Giap, General of the Vietnam People\'s Army (b. 1911)October 7 – Patrice Chéreau, French opera and theatre director, filmmaker, actor and producer (b. 1944)October 9 – Wilfried Martens, 60th and 62nd Prime Minister of Belgium (b. 1936)October 10 – Scott Carpenter, American astronaut (b. 1925)October 11 – Erich Priebke, German SS captain and war criminal (b. 1913)October 14 – Bruno Metsu, French football coach (b. 1954)October 15 – Rudolf Friedrich, member of the Swiss Federal Council (b. 1923)October 16 – Ed Lauter, American actor (b. 1938)October 23 – Anthony Caro, British sculptor (b. 1924)October 24 – Manolo Escobar, Spanish singer (b. 1931)October 25Bill Sharman, American basketball player and coach (b. 1926)Marcia Wallace, American actress and comedian (b. 1942)Nobel Prizes
Nobel medal.pngChemistry – Martin Karplus, Michael Levitt, and Arieh WarshelEconomics – Eugene Fama, Lars Peter Hansen and Robert J. ShillerLiterature – Alice MunroPeace – Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical WeaponsPhysics – François Englert and Peter HiggsPhysiology or Medicine – James E. Rothman, Randy W. Schekman, and Thomas C. SüdhofMajor religious holidays
January 6 – Christmas (Armenian Church)January 7 – Christmas (Eastern Orthodox Church)February 1 – Imbolc, a cross-quarter day (Neopaganism; celebrated on February 2 in some places)February 10 – Chinese New YearFebruary 13 – Ash Wednesday (Western Christianity)March 20 – Spring equinox, also known as Ostara (Neopaganism)March 24 – Palm Sunday (Western Christianity)March 25 – Passover (Judaism)March 29 – Good Friday (Western Christianity)March 31 – Easter (Western Christianity)April 28 – Palm Sunday (Eastern Christianity)May 1 – Beltane, a cross-quarter day (Neopaganism)May 3 – Good Friday (Eastern Christianity)May 5 – Easter (Eastern Christianity)May 9 – Feast of the Ascension (Western Christianity)May 19 – Pentecost (Western Christianity)June 13 – Feast of the Ascension (Eastern Christianity)June 21 – Summer solstice, also known as MidsummerJune 23 – Pentecost (Eastern Christianity)July 9 – Ramadan begins (Islam)August 1 – Lammas, a cross-quarter day (Neopaganism)August 7 – Eid al-Fitr: Ramadan ends (Islam)September 4 – Rosh Hashanah (Judaism)September 14 – Yom Kippur (Judaism)September 16 – Onam (Hinduism)September 22 – Autumn equinox, also known as Mabon (Neopaganism)October 15 – Eid al-Adha (Druze and Islam)October 31 – Samhain, a cross-quarter day and Neopagan new yearOctober31–November 2 – Hallowmas/All Hallows\' Eve/All Saints\' Day/All Souls\' Day (Western Christianity), Dia de Los Muertos (Mexican culture)November 3 – Diwali (Hinduism)November 27 – Hanukkah (Judaism)December 1 – Advent Sunday (Western Christianity)December 21 – Winter solstice, also known as Yule (Neopaganism)December 25 – Christmas (Western Christianity)List of wars by death toll60,000,000–72,000,000 - World War II (1939–1945), (see World War II casualties)[91][92]
36,000,000 - An Shi Rebellion (China, - Mongol Conquests (13th century) (see Mongol invasions and Tatar - Qing dynasty conquest of Ming dynasty (1616–1662)[98]
20,000,000 - World War I (1914–1918) (see World War I casualties)[99]
20,000,000 - Taiping Rebellion (China, 1850–1864) (see Dungan revolt)[100]
20,000,000 - Second Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945)[101]
10,000,000 - Warring States Era (China, 475 BC–221 BC)
8,000,000–12,000,000 - Dungan revolt (China, 1862 –1877)
7,000,000 - 20,000,000 Conquests of Tamerlane - Russian Civil War and Foreign Intervention (1917–1922)[104]
5,000,000 - Conquests of Menelik II of Ethiopia (1882–1898)[105][106]
3,800,000 - 5,400,000 - Second Congo War - Napoleonic Wars (1803–1815) (see Napoleonic Wars casualties)
3,000,000–11,500,000 - Thirty Years\' War - Yellow Turban Rebellion (China, 184–205)
2,500,000–3,500,000 - Korean War (1950–1953) (see Cold War)[111]
2,300,000–3,800,000 - Vietnam War (entire war 1945–1975)
300,000–1,300,000 - First Indochina War (1946–1954)
100,000–300,000 - Vietnamese Civil War (1954–1965)
1,750,000–2,100,000 - American phase (1965–1973)
170,000 - Final phase (1973–1975)
175,000–1,150,000 - Secret War (1953–1975)
2,000,000–4,000,000 - Huguenot Wars[112]
2,000,000 - Shaka\'s conquests - Bangladesh Liberation War (1971)
2,000,000- Russian-Circassian War (1763–1864) (see Caucasian War) and the exile of another 1.5 million Circassians from there homeland to the Ottoman Empire and another 500,000 Circassians Killed at sea during the Circassian exile from there homeland.
1,500,000–2,000,000 - Afghan Civil War (1979-)
1,000,000–1,500,000 Soviet intervention (1979–1989)
1,300,000–6,100,000 - Chinese Civil War (1927–1949) note that this figure excludes World War II casualties
300,000–3,100,000 before 1937
1,000,000–3,000,000 after World War II
1,000,000–2,000,000 - Mexican Revolution (1910–1920)[115]
1,000,000 - Iran–Iraq War (1980–1988)[116]
1,000,000 - Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)[117]
1,000,000 - Second Sudanese Civil War (1983–2005)
1,000,000 - Panthay Rebellion (China,1856–1873)
1,000,000 - Nien Rebellion (China,1853–1868)
1,000,000 - Nigerian Civil War (1967–1970)
618,000[118] - 970,000 - American Civil War (including 350,000 from disease) (1861–1865)
900,000–1,000,000 - Mozambique Civil War (1975–1994)
868,000[119] - 1,400,000[120] - Seven Years\' War (1756–1763)
800,000 - 1,000,000 - Rwandan Civil War (1990–1993)
800,000 - Congo Civil War (1996–1997)
600,000 to 1,300,000 - First Jewish-Roman War (see List of Roman wars)
580,000 - Bar Kokhba’s revolt (132–135CE)
570,000 - Eritrean War of Independence (1961–1991)
550,000 - Somali Civil War (1988- )
500,000 - 1,000,000 - Spanish Civil War (1936–1939)
500,000 - Angolan Civil War (1975–2002)
500,000 - Ugandan Civil War (1979–1986)
400,000–1,000,000 - War of the Triple Alliance in Paraguay (1864–1870)
400,000 - War of the Spanish Succession (1701–1714)
371,000 - Continuation War (1941–1944)
350,000 - Great Northern War (1700–1721)[121]
315,000 - 735,000 - Wars of the Three Kingdoms (1639–1651) English campaign ~40,000, Scottish 73,000, Irish 200,000-620,000[122]
300,000 - First Burundi Civil War (1972)
300,000 - Darfur conflict (2003-)
250,000 - Bosnian War (1992–1995)[123]
230.000 - 2,000,000 - Eighty Years\' War (1568–1648)
270,000–300,000 - Crimean War (1854–1856)
234,000 Philippine-American War - Ethiopian Civil War (1974–1991)
224,000 - Balkan Wars, includes both wars (1912–1913)
220,000 - Liberian Civil War (1989–1995 )
217,000 - 1,124,303 - War on Terror (9/11/2001–Present)[citation needed]
200,000 - 1,000,000[125][126] - Albigensian Crusade (1208–1259)
200,000–800,000 - Warlord era in China (1916–1928)
200,000 - 400,000 - Politionele acties (Indonesian war of independence) (1945–1949)
200,000 - 220,000 - The Conquest of Chile ((1536-1883)
200,000 - Second Punic War (BC218-BC204) (see List of Roman battles)
200,000 - Sierra Leone Civil War (1992–2001)
200,000 - Algerian Civil War (1991–2002 )[127][128]
200,000 - Guatemalan Civil War (1960–1996)
190,000 - Franco-Prussian War (1870–1871)
180,000 - 300,000 - La Violencia (1948–1960)
170,000 - Greek War of Independence (1821–1830)
150,000 - Lebanese Civil War (1975–1990)
150,000 - North Yemen Civil War (1962–1970)
150,000 - Russo-Japanese War (1904–1905)
148,000-1,000,000 - Winter War (1939)
125,000 - Eritrean-Ethiopian War (1998–2000)
120,000 - 384,000 Great Turkish War (1683–1699) (see Ottoman-Habsburg wars)
120,000 - Third Servile War (BC73-BC71)
117,000 - 500,000 - Revolt in the Vendée (1793–1796)
103,359+ - 1,136,920+ - Invasion and Occupation of Iraq (2003–Present)
101,000 - 115,000 - Arab-Israeli conflict (1929- )
100,500 - Chaco War (1932–1935)
100,000 - 1,000,000 - War of the two brothers (1531–1532)
100,000 - 400,000 - Western New Guinea (1984 - ) (see Genocide in West Papua)
100,000 - 200,000 - Indonesian invasion of East Timor (1975–1978)
100,000 - Persian Gulf War (1990–1991)
100,000–1,000,000 - Algerian War of Independence (1954–1962)
100,000 - Thousand Days War (1899–1902)
100,000 - German Peasants\' War (1524–1525)[129]
80,000 - Third Punic War (BC149-BC146)
75,000 - 200,000? - Conquests of Alexander the Great (BC336-BC323)
75,000 - El Salvador Civil War (1980–1992)
75,000 - Second Boer War (1899–1902)
70,000 - Boudica\'s uprising (AD60-AD61)
69,000 - Internal conflict in Peru (1980- )
60,000 - Sri Lanka/Tamil conflict (1983–2009)
60,000 - Nicaraguan Rebellion (1972–91)
55,000 - War of the Pacific (1879–1884)
50,000 - 200,000 - First Chechen War (1994–1996)
50,000 - 100,000 - Tajikistan Civil War (1992–1997)
50,000 - Wars of the Roses (1455–1485) (see Wars involving England)
45,000 - Greek Civil War (1945–1949)
41,000–100,000 - Kashmiri insurgency (1989- )
36,000 - Finnish Civil War (1918)
35,000 - 40,000 - War of the Pacific (1879–1884)
35,000 - 45,000 - Siege of Malta (1565) (see Ottoman wars in Europe)
30,000 - Turkey/PKK conflict (1984- )
30,000 - Sino-Vietnamese War (1979)
30,000 - Rhodesian Bush War (1964–1979)
~28,000 - 1982 Lebanon War (1982)
25,000 - Second Chechen War (1999–2001)[130]
25,000 - American Revolutionary War (1775–1783)
23,384 - Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 (December 1971)
23,000 - Nagorno-Karabakh War (1988–1994)
20,000 - 49,600 U.S. Invasion of Afghanistan (2001–2002)
19,000+ - Mexican–American War (1846–1848)
14,000+ - Six-Day War (1967)
15,000–20,000 - Croatian War of Independence (1991–1995)
13,000+ - Nepalese Civil War (1996-2006)
11,053 - Malayan Emergency (1948–1960)
11,000 - Spanish-American War (1898)
10,000–20,000 - Libyian civil war (2011–present)
10,000 - Amadu\'s Jihad (1810–1818)
10,000 - Halabja poison gas attack (1988)
7,264–10,000 - Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 (August–September 1965)
7,000–24,000 - American War of 1812 (1812–1815)
2000-7,000 - Kosovo War (1998–1999)
5,000 - Turkish invasion of Cyprus (1974)
4,600 - Sino-Indian War (1962)
4,000 - Waziristan War (2004–2006)
4,000 - Irish Civil War (1922–23)
3,500 - The Troubles (1969–1998)
3,000 - Civil war in Côte d\'Ivoire (2002–2007)
2,899 - New Zealand Land Wars (1845–1872)
2,604–7,000 - Indo-Pakistani War of 1947 (October 1947-December 1948)
2,000 - Football War (1969)
2,000 - Irish War of Independence (1919–21)
1,975–4,500+ - violence in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict (2000–2005)
1,724 - War of Lapland (1945)
1,500 - Romanian Revolution (December 1989)
~1,500 - 2006 Lebanon War
1,000 - Zapatista uprising in Chiapas (1994)
907 - Falklands War (1982)
62 - Slovenian Independence War (1991)American Civil, American Independence, Ares, Armageddon, Arms, Asymmetrical, Attrition, Bacteriological, Barons\', Bate, Battle, Biological, Bishop, Chemical, Civil, Clash, Class, Cod, Cold, Combat, Conflict, Crescentade, Crimean, Crusade, Electronic, Emergency, Feud, Fight,, Flagrante bello, Flame, Food, Franco-Prussian, Fray, Germ, Gigantomachy, Great, Guer(r)illa, Gulf, Holy, Hostilities, Hot, Hundred Years\', Information, Internecine, Jehad,Jenkins\' ear, Jihad, Jugurthine, Korean, Krieg, Limited, Mars, Mexican,Napoleonic, Nuclear, Opium, Peasants\', Peloponnesian, Peninsular, Phony, Price, Private, propaganda, Psychological, Punic, Push-button, Queen Anne\'s, Rebellion, Revolutionary, Roses, Russo-Japanese, Secession, Seven against Thebes, Seven Years\', Shooting, Six Day, Social, Spam, Spanish-American, Spanish Civil, Star, Stoush, Sword, Terrapin, Theomachy, Thirty Years\', Total, Trench, Trojan, Turf, Vietnam, Winter, World, Yom Kippu Arrière-ban, BEF, Blue Ribbon, Church,Colours, Confederate, Crowd, Federal, Field, Fyrd, Golden (Horde), Horde, Host, IRA, Junior Service, Land, Landwehr, Lashkar, Legion, Line,Military, Militia, Mobile Command, Multitude, New Model, Para-military,Red, SA, Sabaoth, Salvation, SAS, Sena, Service, Soldiers, Standing, Swarm, TA, Territorial, Thin red line, Volunteer, War, Wehrmacht1
The Great World War I Gold Coin 100th Year Anniversary Militaria Medal Soldier:
$9.15