c.1770 REVOLUTIONARY WAR ERA POWDERHORN WASHINGTON DESCENDING OHIO RIVER vafo

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In 1770, George Washington explored the Ohio River valley, describing thecountry -- as seen from his canoe and from campsites along the Ohio River. On22 October, he reached Mingo Town (now Mingo Junction, Ohio) which is justnorth of Belmont County, Ohio. Washington said in his diary that \"Thisplace contains abt. Twenty Cabbins, & 70 Inhabitants of the Six Nation[Iroquois Confederation].\" [\"Mingo\" is a slang term used todescribe Iroquois Indians living outside their main area of control.]

At Mingo Town, Washington found \"60 odd Warriors of the Six Nationsgoing to the Cherokee Country to proceed to War against the Cuttawba\'s.\"While encamped there, Washington also received news that two traders had beenkilled by Indians about 28 miles downriver -- at what today is Powhatton, Ohio.

On the 23rd, several more accounts of the killings reached Mingo Town, butthese accounts suggested that only one white man was killed, and that it wasnot at the hands of the Indians. Thus, about 2 o\'clock in the afternoon,Washington and his companions -- including two Indian guides -- set off downriver, making there camp for the night on the Virginia side of the Ohio Riverat Fishing Creek.

The next morning -- 24 October, Washington writes that they left theirencampment before sunrise. He then procedes to describe the land and streamsentering the Ohio River. He states, \"we came to another Creek on the Westside, calld by Nicholson Weeling [McMahon\'s Creek] and abt. a Mile lower downappears to be another small Water coming in on the East side [McMahon Run],which I remark, because of the Scarcity of them; fie to shew how badly furnishdthis Country is with Mill Seats. Two or three Miles below this again, isanother Run on the West side; up which is a near way by Land to the Mingo Town;and about 4 Miles lower comes in another on the East at which place is a pathleading to the settlement at Redstone. Abt. A Mile & half below this again,comes in the Pipe Creek [in Belmont County, several miles north of CaptinaCreek] so calld by the Indians from a Stone which is found here out of whichthey make Pipes. Opposite to this (that is on the East side), is a bottom ofexceeding Rich Land; but as it seems to lye low, I am apprehensive that it issubject to be overflowd. This Bottom ends where the effects of a hurricaneappears by the destruction & havock among the Trees. [Washington latersecured ownership of the land near Pipe Creek in Belmont County, Ohio.]

His diary continues: \"Two or three Miles below the Pipe Creek is apretty large Creek on the West side calld by Nicholson Fox Grape Vine -- byothers Captema Creek on which, 8 Miles up it, is the Town calld the Grape VineTown; & at the Mouth of it, is the place where it was said the Traderslivd, & the one was killd. To this place [Powhatton Point] we came abt. 3Oclock in the Afternoon, & findg. no body there, we agreed to Camp; thatNicholson and one of the Indians might go up to the Town, & enquire intothe truth of the report concerning the Murder.\"

Ascending Captina Creek (Grapevine Creek), Nicholson and the Indian did notreturn until the next day. Washington records Nicholson\'s report as follows:\"Nicholson & the Indian returnd; they found no body at the [Grapevine]Town but two Old Indian women (the Men being a Hunting). From these they learntthat the Trader was not killd, but drownd in attempting to Ford the Ohio; andthat only one boy, belonging to the Trader, was in these parts; the Trader(fathr. to him) being gone for Horses to take home their Skins. [Note: Today,the approximate location of Grapevine Town is still marked by grapevines, whichhug the riverbank and canapy the road that follows Captina Creek.]

Elsewhere in his Diary, Washington describes the weather for 22-25 October1770 as blustery and cold.

In 1796, George Washington advertised his land along Pipe Creek (in BelmontCounty, Ohio) for sale, and describes the land as: \"Round Bottom ... about15 miles below Wheeling, a little above Captenon, and opposite to Pipe-Creek;bounded by the river in a circular form for 2 miles and 120 poles containing587 acres.\"

For Washington\'s entire account of his 1770 travels in the Ohio RiverValley, Please see George Washington\'s Papers at the Library of Congress,1741-1799. See specifically: The Diaries of George Washington. Vol.2. Donald Jackson, ed.; Dorothy Twohig, assoc. ed. The Papers of GeorgeWashington. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1976. Pages 295-298of this resource record Washington\'s account of and contain related notes onthe events for 22-25 October 1770.

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