Table of Content
Foreword Preface List of Maps and Illustrations PART ONE. INTRODUCTION: THE RISE AND FALL OF FASCISM IN ITALY Long Term Causes for the Rise of Fascism The First World War and the Postwar Crisis The Birth and Triumph of Fascism The Destruction of the Liberal Order and the Consolidation of the Dictatorship Fascist Politics and Ideology Italian Society, Economy, and Culture under Fascism War, Empire, and Defeat PART TWO. THE DOCUMENTS 1. The Birth and Triumph of Fascism 1. Benito Mussolini, Trenchocracy, December 15, 1917 2. Benito Mussolini, Afternoon Speech of March 23, 1919 3. The Program of the Fascist Armed Squads, June 6, 1919 4. The Platform of the National Fascist Party, November 1921 5. Italo Balbo, Squadrismo , 1922 2. The Destruction of the Liberal Order and the Consolidation of the Dictatorship 6 . Law Establishing the Fascist Militia , January 14, 1923 7. Benito Mussolini, Proclamation of Open Dictatorship , Speech to Parliament, January 3, 1925 8. The Laws of the Fascist Legal Revolution: Decree on Public Safety , November 6, 1926, and Law for the Defense of the State , November 25, 1926 9. W.D. Moffat, After Mussolini, What? The Mentor , November 1927 3. Fascist Politics and Ideology 10. Margarita Sarfatti, DUX , 1925 11. Fascist Anthem, Youth, 1917 12. The Lateran Pacts , February 11, 1929 13. Lauro De Bosis, The Story of My Death , 1933 14. Benito Mussolini, The Social and Political Doctrine of Fascism , 1932 15. Achille Starace, Going Toward the People , 1933 16. Three Girls Do the Roman Salute at a Summer Camp in Marina di Pietro, 1930-31 17. Fascist Decalogues, 1928, 1936, 1942 18. The Clarifying Word of the Duce to the World , 1939 19. The Manifesto on Race , July 14, 1938 20. The Racial Laws , September and November 1938 21. The Defense of the Race , August 1938 22. Rosetta Loy, First Words: A Childhood in Fascist Italy , 1928-1943 4. Italian Society, Economy, and Culture under Fascism 23. Nino Sammartano, Lessons in Fascist Culture for Use in Middle Schools , 1937 24. Programs and Courses Offered by the Fascist Women's Organization, 1937 25. The Italian Woman at War , 1941 26. The Charter of Labor , April 21, 1927 27. Benito Mussolini, On the Corporate State , 1933 28. Benito Mussolini, The Twentieth Century: Inauguration Speech at Opening of the First Novecento Exhibition, February 15, 1926 29. Mario De Renzi and Adalberto Libera, Façade of the Exhibition of the Fascist Revolution, 1932 30. Ardengo Soffici, Fascist Art, 1928 31. The Futurist Manifesto on Airpainting (Aeropittura) , 1929 32. Menin, The Battle of Uorc Amba as Experienced by the Futurist Blackshirt Menin , 1936 5. War, Empire, and Collapse 33. Benito Mussolini, The Discourse on Empire , May 9, 1936 34. Benito Mussolini, Orders for the Use of Poison Gas against the Ethiopians, 1935-1937 35. Song from the Spanish Civil War: Long Live Spain! 36. A Legionary's Christmas on the Russian Front , February 1, 1942 37. Eugenio Corti, Few Returned: Twenty-eight Days on the Russian Front, Winter 1942-1943 Appendixes A Chronology of Fascism in Italy, 1914-1945 Questions for Consideration Selected Bibliography Index