CIVIL WAR RARE OFFICER\'S POCKET WEEKLY DIARY, MADE OF BONE C.1863
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CIVIL WAR RARE OFFICER\'S POCKET WEEKLY DIARY, MADE OF BONE C.1863 :
$428.00
CIVIL WAR OFFICER\'S POCKET WEEKLY DIARY, MADE OF BONE C. 1864THIS CONTAINS A RARE ITEM, A CIVIL WAR OFFICERS DIARY, WITH SEPARATE BONE PAGES FOR EACH DAY OF THE WEEK. THERE IS A FINE WORKING LATCH AT TOP OF THE GROUP OF PAGES TOGETHER.I PURCHASE THIS ABOUT 15 YEARS AGO IN TENNESSEE AND WAS TOLD THAT, IT WAS FOUND NEAR THE FRANKLIN, PORTION OF THE BATTLE OF NASHVILLE.CONDITION IS EXTREMELY FINE.THIS CIVIL WAR POCKET DIARY WAS EXTREMELY USEFUL TOOL FOR OFFICERS TO USE. MADE FROM BONE, THAT ALLOWS THE WRITER THE ABILITY TO WRITE NOTES WITH LEAD PENCIL, AND THEN ERASE THEM BY RUBBING OR CLEANING THE PENCIL WRITING OFF BY USING PLAIN WATER OR CLOTH, SO THE NEXT DAYS NOTES CAN BE ADDED TO THE SAME SPACE. A UNION SHIELD IS MOUNTED ON ONE SIDE OF THE COVER.
IT ALSO HAS A FINE WORKING METAL LATCH, WHICH HOLDS THE WRITING PAGES TOGETHER, SO THAT THE SIX PAGES CAN BE SEEN ONE PAGE AT A TIME. SUNDAY WAS NOT INCLUDED AS A PAGE. THE SIX PAGES ARE MARKED AT THE TOP, \'MONDAY, TUESDAY, WEDNESDAY, THURSDAY, FRIDAY & SATURDAY.
Battle of Nashville *From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Battle of NashvillePart of the American Civil War
Federal outer line on December 16, 1864.DateDecember 15–16, 1864LocationDavidson County, Tennessee, Confederate States of AmericaResultUnion victory[1]BelligerentsUnited States (Union) Confederate States (Confederacy)Commanders and leadersGeorge H. ThomasJohn Bell HoodUnits involvedDept. of the Cumberland
- IV Corps
- XXIII Corps
- Detachment of Army of the Tennessee
- District of the Etowah
- Cavalry Corps
2,558 wounded
112 missing/captured)[2]approx. 6,000(1,500 killed/wounded
4,500 missing/captured)[2][show]
- v
- t
- BackgroundFurther information: Franklin-Nashville Campaign
Hood followed up his defeat in the Atlanta Campaign by moving northwest to disrupt the supply lines of Maj. Gen. William T. Sherman from Chattanooga, hoping to challenge Sherman into a battle that could be fought to Hood\'s advantage. After a brief period of pursuit, Sherman decided to disengage and to conduct instead his March to the Sea, leaving the matter of Hood\'s army and the defense of Tennessee to Thomas. Hood devised a plan to march into Tennessee and defeat Thomas\'s force while it was geographically divided. He pursued Maj. Gen. John M. Schofield\'s army from Pulaski to Columbia and then attempted to intercept and destroy it at Spring Hill. Because of a series of Confederate command miscommunications in the Battle of Spring Hill (November 29, 1864), Schofield was able to withdraw from Columbia and slip past Hood\'s army at Spring Hill relatively unscathed.[3]
Furious at his failure at Spring Hill, Hood pursued Schofield to the north and encountered the Federals at Franklin behind strong fortifications. In the Battle of Franklin on November 30, Hood ordered almost 20,000 of his men to assault the Federal works before Schofield could withdraw across the Harpeth River and escape to Nashville. The Union soldiers repulsed multiple assaults and inflicted over 6,000 casualties on the Confederates, which included a large number of key Confederate generals, doing heavy damage to the leadership of the Army of Tennessee.[4]
Opposing forcesPrincipal Union commanders- Maj. Gen.
George H. Thomas - Maj. Gen.
John Schofield - Maj. Gen.
James B. Steedman - Brig. Gen.
Thomas J. Wood - Maj. Gen.
A.J. Smith - Brig. Gen.
James H. Wilson
- Lt. Gen.
John Bell Hood - Maj. Gen.
Benjamin F. Cheatham - Lt. Gen.
Stephen D. Lee - Lt. Gen.
Alexander P. Stewart - Maj. Gen.
Nathan Bedford Forrest
Schofield withdrew from Franklin during the night and marched into the defensive works of Nashville on December 1, there coming under the command of Thomas, who now had a combined force of approximately 55,000 men.[2] By and large, his troops were veterans, the IV Corps under Brig. Gen. Thomas J. Wood and Schofield\'s XXIII Corps having fought in the Atlanta campaign and Maj. Gen. Andrew J. Smith\'s \"Detachment of the Army of the Tennessee\" (the XVI Corps was redesignated with this unusual name on December 6) having fought at Vicksburg, in the Red River Campaign, at the Tupelo against S.D. Lee and Nathan Bedford Forrest, and in Missouri against Sterling Price. While Wilson\'s cavalry had combat experience, most of it had been of the wrong kind at the hands of Nathan Bedford Forrest, John Hunt Morgan, or Joe Wheeler. Only Maj. Gen. James B. Steedman\'s Division lacked experience. It was composed of garrison troops and railroad guards from Tennessee and Georgia and included eight regiments of United States Colored Troops.
Union forces had been constructing defensive works around Nashville since the time the city was occupied in 1862.[5] By 1864 a 7-mile-long semicircular Union defensive line on the south and west sides of the city protected Nashville from attacks from those directions. This line was studded with forts, the largest of which was Fort Negley. The trench line was extended to the west after December 1.[6] The Cumberland River formed a natural defensive barrier on the north and east sides of the city. Smith\'s troops had arrived by river on November 30 and their transports had been escorted by a powerful fleet of tin clad and ironclad gunboats; thus, the river barrier was well-defended.
From east to west the defensive line was manned by the Steedman\'s division, the XXIII Corps, the IV Corps, and Smith\'s XVI Corps Detachment.[7] Given the fact that the Federal Army was composed of troops from the Army of the Cumberland, the Army of the Ohio, the Army of the Tennessee, the District of Etowah, and the Post of Nashville, the force in Nashville had no official name.[8]
ConfederateHood\'s army arrived south of the city on December 2 and took up positions facing the Union forces within the city. Not nearly strong enough to assault the Federal fortifications, Hood opted for the defensive. Rather than repeating his fruitless frontal attack at Franklin, he entrenched and waited, hoping that Thomas would attack him. Then, after Thomas smashed his army against the Confederate entrenchments, Hood could counterattack and take Nashville.[9]
The Confederate line of about 4 miles of fortifications faced the southerly facing portion of the Union line (the part occupied by Steedman and Schofield). From right to left were the corps of Maj. Gen. Benjamin F. Cheatham, Lt. Gen. Stephen D. Lee, and Lt. Gen. Alexander P. Stewart. Cavalry commanded by Brig. Gen. James R. Chalmers was off to the southwest of the city.[10] The Confederate left flank was secured by five small detached redoubts, each having two to four guns with garrisons of about 150 men each.[11]
Hood made a serious strategic error before the battle. On December 2, he sent the three brigades of William B. Bate\'s Division of Cheatham\'s Corps to attack the Nashville & Chattanooga Railroad between Nashville and Murfreesboro as well as the Federal garrison in the latter city.[12] Three days later he sent an additional two brigades of infantry and two divisions of cavalry, all under Forrest\'s command, to reinforce Bate.[13] Hood believed that this diversion would draw Thomas out of the Nashville fortifications, allowing Hood to either defeat Thomas in detail or to seize Nashville by a coup de main once its garrison was depleted.[14] While the railroad between Nashville and Murfreesboro was broken in a number of places, the Murfreesboro garrison drove off the Confederates in the Third Battle of Murfreesboro (also called the Battle of the Cedars) on December 7.[15] Thomas was not fooled by this diversion, and remained in his fortifications until he was ready to attack on his own terms. Though Bate\'s Division and one of the two attached infantry brigades returned to Nashville, Hood had further diminished his already weaker force, and also deprived his army of its strongest and most mobile unit, Forrest and his cavalry.[16]
Thomas prepares to attackAlthough Thomas\'s forces were stronger, he could not ignore Hood\'s army. Despite the severe beating it had suffered at Franklin, Hood\'s Army of Tennessee presented a threat by its mere presence and ability to maneuver. Thomas knew he had to attack, but he prepared cautiously. His Cavalry Corps, commanded by the energetic young Brig. Gen. James H. Wilson was poorly armed and mounted, and he did not want to proceed to a decisive battle without an effective cavalry corps to protect his flanks. This was particularly important since Wilson would be facing the incomparable Forrest. Refitting the cavalry took time.[17]
In the meantime, Washington fumed at the seeming procrastination. When Sherman proposed his March to the Sea, Ulysses S. Grant and Henry Halleck had objected to it on the basis that Hood would use the opportunity to invade Tennessee. In response, Sherman airily indicated that this was exactly what he wanted and that if Hood \"continues to march North, all the way to Ohio, I will supply him with rations.\" However, when the ever-confident Sherman disappeared into the heart of Georgia, Grant once again became concerned about an invasion of Kentucky or Ohio. Grant later said of the situation, \"If I had been Hood, I would have gone to Louisville and on north until I came to Chicago.\" His concern doubtless reflected Abraham Lincoln\'s concern; Lincoln had little patience for slow generals and remarked of the situation, \"This seems like the McClellan and Rosecrans strategy of do nothing and let the rebels raid the country.\"[18]
While pressure from Washington continued, a bitter ice storm struck Nashville on December 8 which precluded any offensive action. Sub-freezing weather continued through December 12.[19] This was explained to Grant, but when Thomas had still not moved by December 13, Grant directed that Maj. Gen. John A. Logan proceed to Nashville and assume command if, upon his arrival, Thomas had not yet initiated operations. Logan made it as far as Louisville by December 15, but on that day the Battle of Nashville had finally begun.[20] Grant himself left Petersburg on December 14 to take personal command and had only gotten as far as Washington when the battle began. He proceeded no further.[21]
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CIVIL WAR RARE OFFICER\'S POCKET WEEKLY DIARY, MADE OF BONE C.1863 :
$428.00
- Maj. Gen.