ELLEN CLAPSADDLE PC Postcard IRISH St Patrick\'s Day IRELAND Eire ERIN Killarney
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ELLEN CLAPSADDLE PC Postcard IRISH St Patrick\'s Day IRELAND Eire ERIN Killarney:
$16.99
IRISH PC
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\"Killarney, Gra Galmachree, Ould Ireland your my darlin\'!\"
Postmarked 1912. Ellen Clapsaddle, artist signed.
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Saint Patrick\'s Day, or theFeast of Saint Patrick(Irish:Lá Fhéile Pádraig, \"the Day of the Festival of Patrick\"), is a cultural and religious celebration occurring annually on 17 March, the death date of the most commonly-recognisedpatron saintofIreland,Saint Patrick(c.AD 385–461).
Saint Patrick\'s Day was made an official Christianfeast dayin the early seventeenth century and is observed by theCatholic Church, theAnglican Communion(especially theChurch of Ireland),[4]theEastern Orthodox ChurchandLutheran Church. The day commemorates Saint Patrick and the arrival ofChristianity in Ireland,[3]as well as celebrating theheritage and cultureofthe Irishin general.[5]Celebrations generally involve public parades and festivals,céilithe, and the wearing of green attire orshamrocks.[6]Christians also attendchurch services,[5][7]and theLentenrestrictionson eatinganddrinking alcoholare lifted for the day, which has encouraged and propagated the holiday\'s tradition of alcohol consumption.[5][6][8][9]
Saint Patrick\'s Day is a public holiday in theRepublic of Ireland,[10]Northern Ireland,[11]Newfoundland and Labrador andMontserrat. It is also widely celebrated by theIrish diasporaaround the world; especially inGreat Britain,Canada, theUnited States,Argentina,AustraliaandNew Zealand.
Politically,Ireland is dividedbetween theRepublic of Ireland, which covers five-sixths of the island, andNorthern Ireland, a part of theUnited Kingdom, which covers the remaining area and is located in the north-east of the island. Thepopulation of Irelandis about 6.4million. Just under 4.6million live in the Republic of Ireland and just over 1.8million live in Northern Ireland.[7]
The island\'sgeographycomprises relatively low-lying mountains surrounding a central plain, with several navigableriversextending inland. The island has lush vegetation, a product of its mild but changeableoceanic climate, which avoids extremes in temperature. Thick woodlands covered the island until theMiddle Ages. As of 2013, the amount of land that is wooded in Ireland is about 11% of the total, compared with a European average of 35%.[8][9]There are 26 extantmammalspecies native to Ireland.[10]
Prehistoric Irelandsaw the arrival of humans after 8000 BC.Gaelic Irelandhad emerged by the 1st century and lasted until the early 17th century. The island wasChristianisedfrom the 5th century onward. Following theNorman invasionin the 12th century,Englandclaimed sovereignty over Ireland. However, English rule did not extend over the whole island until the 16th–17th centuryTudor conquest. This led tocolonisation of Irelandby settlers from Britain. In the 1690s, a system ofProtestant English rulewas designed to materially disadvantage theCatholicmajority and Protestantdissenters, and was extended during the 18th century. With theActs of Unionin 1801, Ireland becamea part oftheUnited Kingdom. Awar of independencein the early 20th century was followed by thepartition of the island, creating theIrish Free State, which became increasingly sovereign over the following decades, and Northern Ireland which remained a part of the United Kingdom. Northern Ireland saw muchcivil unrest from the late 1960s until the 1990s. This subsided followinga political agreementin 1998. In 1973, both parts of Ireland joined theEuropean Economic Community.
Irish culturehas had a significant influence on other cultures, especially in the fields ofliteratureand, to a lesser degree, science and education. Alongside mainstreamWestern culture, a strong indigenous culture exists, as expressed for example throughGaelic games,Irish music, and theIrish language. The culture of the island has also many features shared with Great Britain, including theEnglish language, and sports such asassociation football,rugby,horse racing, andgolf.
Ellen Hattie Clapsaddle(January 8, 1865 - January 7, 1934) was an American illustrator/commercial artist in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Not only is her style greatly admired and well recognized, today she is recognized as the most prolific souvenir/postcardandgreeting cardartist of her era.[1]
Childhood[edit]Clapsaddle was born during the Civil War period in the small farming community ofSouth ColumbiainHerkimer County, New York, near Columbia, New York on January 8, 1865.[2]
She was the child of Dennis L. and Harriet (Beckwith) Clapsaddle. From an early age she loved to draw—she is said to have been a shy and delicate child who displayed artistic ability and was highly encouraged by her parents to develop her skills in art.
Clapsaddle was the great-granddaughter of the American Revolutionary War hero, Major Dennis Clapsaddle.
Education[edit]Clapsaddle attended aone-room schooluntil the 8th grade. She then boarded inRichfield Springs, Otsego County, New York, and attended the local Richfield Springs Seminary, a local academy (later known as high schools) in Richfield Springs that prepared young ladies for higher education, today known as a college. She graduated in 1882.
Her parents and teachers highly encouraged her to pursue a career in art. She applied and received a scholarship to attend a selective private college for two years, theCooper Instituteknown as the Cooper Union Institute for the Advancement of Science and Art inNew York City. Only highly recognized individuals are chosen to attend this college and all attend on scholarship.
Upon the completion of her studies, around 1884, she returned to her parents\' home in South Columbia. She placed an ad in a local newspaper to offer private painting lessons and began her career of teaching art out of her home.
Developing Her Artwork[edit]Clapsaddle started by giving art lessons in her home in South Columbia. At the same time she created her ownlandscapesand was commissioned to paintportraitsof families in Richfield Springs. She also submitted her work to publishers in New York City and became a recognized commercial artist. She was afreelanceartist and her illustrations were often used in advertising and on porcelain goods, calendars, paper fans, trade and greeting cards.
Clapsaddle\'s greatest success was in the development of her artwork into single-faced cards that could be kept as souvenirs or mailed as a postcards and she specialized in designing illustrations specifically for that purpose. Artistic designs had become highly prized particularly during the peak of production of the \"golden age of souvenir/postcards\" (1898–1915) for their great marketing possibilities. Clapsaddle is credited with over 3000 designs in the souvenir/post card field.
Clapsaddle Themes[edit]Several of the themes in her artwork command high interest given the variety and occasions for their use.
- Valentine\'s Day- with or without children
- St. Patrick\'s Day- more than 80 different cards
- Fourth of July- showing George Washington, Uncle Sam, Lady Liberty, eagles, cannons, Flags, the liberty bell, fireworks, Revolutionary War figures, nautical subjects, etc.,
- Halloween- some of the most highly prized by collectors
- Christmas- including transportation designs as a theme with Irish families in automobiles of that period on the highways, or airplanes in the skies and even on dirigibles.
Her identity and background have remained obscure.
\"...Ellen Hattie Clapsaddle was destined to become the most prolific postcard and greeting card artist of her time.\"[3]
\"...renowned for her gift of painting adorable children, one of the most famous and sought after artists (of souvenir/postcards) ... her artwork has universal appeal...\"[4]
\"...her art expressed an innocence and joy of life that emanated from the child-like happiness deep within her.\"
\"...her distinctive style allows many connoisseurs of her art the ability to recognize the details of her artwork.\"
\"...her designs reflect the entire spectrum of seasonal and holiday themes, drawing upon folklore, traditions, games and nursery rhymes.\"
\"Reproductions of her illustrations frequently appear on contemporary vintage-style decorative accessories as well.\"[5]
More than half of the estimated over 3,000 signed souvenir/postcards, asEllen H. Clapsaddle, as well as the unsigned ones, show illustrations of children in their full innocence and sweet faces while the rest show scenes that are more general. Many of them include children of different races and cultures of the world. Collectors have come to recognize the quality and charming nature of her personal style and work without question or dispute.
Not only are the \"original\" single-faced cards sought after by collectors, the large numbers of them that have survived for over 100 years, whether signed or unsigned, attest to the longevity of the appeal of her artwork. In particular, her \"mechanical\" cards or anything else with her name on it, or not, are highly sought after by collectors of her work.
In recent years, more than 100 years later, her artwork is still as popular today as it was when it first appeared in the commercial art world. Her work is so admired that it is generating new types of items to display her artwork since the copyright notices have expired, such as:
- Clapsaddle Private Collections on CDs containing more than 300 of her souvenir/postcards;
- Downloadable ClipArt;
- Art Poster Prints as unframed art in enlarged versions of 29\" x 20\" available for framing; 4) Publications recently printed with images of her work for the modern collectors to use as a guide in obtaining some of the original ones;
- Iron-on Appliqués for transfer to items of clothing;
- Reproduction postcards as new issue;
- New art by contemporary artists like a Large Santa Claus and a Patriotic Santa in a 40\" x 26\" frame;
- New popcorn and cookie tins as well as reproductions of advertisements bearing her artwork.
Some private collectors have amassed more than 1,600 originalClapsaddles, as her souvenir/postcards are commonly known. The original cards have appeared in local and state trade shows for years and many websites have large numbers available where the number varies from 900 to 1,000 cards are offered surpassing the numbers available for other artists of similar work.
A few years ago, the Richland Springs local newspaper announced the display of some of her work locally, especially a 1900 calendar. She received a great deal of praise in the daintiness of the designs, the originality of the work, and the little verses that illustrate her drawings.[2]
Recently, a memory book for wedding occasions, called \"The New Wedding Album\" illustrated by Clapsaddle and published by Eaton & Mains, has come to light. It is made in half-silk and white paper boards and it is decoratively stamped in silver with floral motifs.
A long-time collector, Elizabeth Austin, created a \"checklist\" of Clapsaddle\'s souvenir/postcards for other collectors so they can identify the ones they do not have. Ellen Budd expanded on the list with many missing cards and has published them as a reference work (see theBibliographysection below).
Without any knowledge about her identity and unaware of who she was, collectors have persisted in guarding her artwork for safekeeping as a testament of love and respect of the quality and admiration for her particularly beautiful designs. So, despite the high quality and enormous popularity of her artwork, few people have known about her persona story; something that has become a matter of great interest, study, and research in the last few years. Her name has been famous for decades in her hometown area of Richfield Springs, NY, and in the collecting circles where many collectors have specialized strictly in the collection of just her work and her work alone.
Career[edit]Clapsaddle\'s father died on January 5, 1891, and she and her mother went to live with an aunt in Richfield Springs. Clapsaddle spent her next fourteen years not only giving art lessons, but also creating and sellingillustrations,landscapes, andportraitscommissioned by local wealthy families, and freelance artwork that she submitted to various publishers through the mail out of an art studio in downtown Richfield Springs.
Initially, two of her designs were accepted by the International Art Publishing Company in New York City to be used as souvenir/postcards that became an immediate success as bestsellers. (BALONEY--Art postcards weren\'t invented as a publication form in the time period referred to here.) After that initial purchase of two designs, several others followed and they retained her to work along with other artists. Because she became their premier illustrator due to the popularity and successful marketability of her designs, the company invited her to move to the city around 1895.(( Art postcards were not invented until 1897/98, nor was IAPCo Ltd. in existence until Jan. 1896--office opening announced in Publisher\'s Weekly as a collaboration between Wolf & Co., Philadelphia, and Art Lithographic Publishing Co., New York (the name of Obpacher Brothers, Munich\'s U.S. incorporation), with Samuel Garre, ALPCo\'s manager as the manager of the new corporation. Wolf & Co., Philadelphia, dates back at least to 1882, copyright date on a W&Co New York merchant\'s tambourine-shape trade card. Also there\'s an 1896 diecut advertising calendar (published 1895)with W&Co under the Wolf logo--\"Sunny Paths,\" annual greeting from a St. Louis company...with images by Harriett M. Bennett from original publication in an illustrated children book co-published by Hildesheimer & Faulkner, London, and Geo. Whitney, New York (sic) in the 1880s. The point is that the information in this Ellen Clapsaddle article is made up, not factual, regarding Wolf & Co. Bennett was the premier UK children artist & while Wolf & Co. made the arrangements for publication, the piece was the product (artwork, printing, diecut form) of a German associate (probably ALPCo/Obpacher). Regarding the WWI years account, it is particularly obnoxiously mistaken--total myth. Clapsaddle was in Germany when WWI broke out in 1914 but she left well before America entered the war as demonstrated by wartime Clapsaddle valentine postcards featuring soldier children. Moreover, there was considerable Clapsaddle Wolf postcard publication continuing from 1916 into the mid-1920s. Furthermore, there was considerable German and Euro publication of Clapsaddle\'s 1920s Wolf postcard artwork to the end of the 1920s. Reference is made to the 3000 plus signed Clapsaddle postcards (Ellen Budd\'s count, by the way), but no estimate is made regarding the near equal amount of unsigned IAPCo and Wolf postcards 1901-1924 or the likewise near equal amount of unsigned Euro and UK Clapsaddle postcards 1899-1929, so that the total count of Clapsaddle publication goes toward 10,000 when Clapsaddle ephemera publication is added in. Clapsaddle was not only the largest single artist presence in all U.S. postcards but also in all Euro postcards. The facts of publication dates contradict the myth of Clapsaddle traumatized by her experience being stranded in Germany the first year of WWI.))
Soon, by 1901((offer referred to in local newspaper in 1898)), the International Art Publishing Company also offered her a paid 2-year trip to Germany for her and her mother. While in Germany, she refined her art talent by working directly and closely with the German engravers who were the actual manufacturers of the products offered for sale. Her designs started to appear in various forms like Valentines, souvenir/postcards, booklets, watercolor prints, calendars, and trade cards and other objects in the world of advertising.
By this time, Germany was the center of the high-end publishing world and many publishers in the United States depended on them for the final products that were shipped to the U.S. Clapsaddle was in Germany when her mother, died on March 2, 1905.[6]
Clapsaddle spent some years in Germany, funded by the International Art Publishing Company, and then returned to New York around 1906. It is said that she established the Wolf Company backed by the Wolf brothers—a full subsidiary of the International Art Publishing Company of New York City. She was the first and only female souvenir/postcard artist of the era to establish her own enterprise. She was the sole artist and designer for this company.
At that time, few women were even employed as full-time illustrators. For 8 years she and the Wolf brothers enjoyed their success and there seemed to be no limit to the growth potential in the souvenir/postcard industry. (Some sources suggest that she was employed by the Wolf brothers). Nevertheless, confidence in the boom and high return in profits in this specialized area of commercial art during this boom period, led her and her partners to invest heavily in the years that followed in many Germany engraving and publishing firms. She returned once again to Germany to work with the engravers and publishers they used because they had the bestprintingplants.
The postcard and greeting card business was doing well, and Clapsaddle was making good money most of which she invested in German printing firms.
World War I[edit]By 1914, the war broke out. The majority of the souvenir/postcard publishers in the United States depended on German supplying firms but once they became disconnected from them, they had to go out of business. Many German factories suffered total destruction from bombings and all of Clapsaddle\'s recent original artwork was lost along with the investments in those firms because of the destruction of the records and messages going back forth between the continents that never arrived or were never answered. Clapsaddle was totally displaced and could not be found. She was penniless, lost, and alone in a far away land in the middle of the turmoil of the First World War.
By 1915, many firms in the United States, like the Wolf Company, did not have a business any more and in their case, their sole designer-artist was lost in Germany.
Although the United States did not enter the war until 1917. Between 1914 and 1919, Clapsaddle was trapped and unable to leave the country. The end of the engraving and publishing industry in Germany came about suddenly and so did her livelihood and her future—so did her life and spirit and desire to live as she witnessed and suffered the war first hand.[6]
Post-war[edit]With the end of the war in 1919, nothing was known in the United States about Clapsaddle\'s fate. One or two of the Wolf brothers borrowed money so they could go to search for her in Europe. She was finally found six months later. By then, she had had a complete mental breakdown as a victim of the war, was wandering through the streets hungry and sick, and her health and spirit were totally broken—she was only 55 years old. When the Wolf brothers approached her, she was so disconnected from the world and reality that she barely recognized them. The Wolf brothers brought her back to the United States.
Unmarried and childless, Clapsaddle had no close relatives. Furthermore, she had spent all of her time and productive years dedicated to her artwork and there was no one to take care of her under those circumstances. The Wolf brothers took care of her as long as they were able and alive but they too died destitute and poor. When they passed on, she was left penniless, alone, unable to work, and mentally incapacitated. She had lost the ability to make a living and her deteriorating health rapidly became a major obstacle.
She was admitted to the Peabody Home for the elderly and destitute on Pelham Parkway in New York City in January 1932. One day short of her 69th birthday in 1934 she died. Like many residents of the home who had no relatives, she was buried in a potters\' grave. She died totally destitute through no fault of her own just like the Wolf brothers—innocent victims of the world tragedy of the First World War.
Re-interment[edit]It had been her dying wish to be buried at the Lakewood Cemetery in Richfield Springs, NY. Some time afterWorld War II, an appeal was made in the community of Richfield Springs and through local generosity funds were raised to help fulfill her dying wish, her remains were transferred and re-interred next to her father\'s grave. Her marker reads, simply, \"ELLEN.\" (A record of her mother\'s grave has not been found).
Despite the tragedy in Clapsaddle’s final outcome and the end of her life, she continues to live in the pleasure that her artwork continues to provide everyone who admires her images in any shape or form, even 100 years after she created them, and for many years more to come in the hands of admirers and collectors of her artwork.
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ELLEN CLAPSADDLE PC Postcard IRISH St Patrick\'s Day IRELAND Eire ERIN Killarney:
$16.99