MARK WHITMARSH ABSTRACT SIGNED LARGE PAINTING, \"FIGURE LANGUAGE\"

MARK WHITMARSH ABSTRACT SIGNED LARGE PAINTING, \

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MARK WHITMARSH ABSTRACT SIGNED LARGE PAINTING, \"FIGURE LANGUAGE\":
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Mark Whitmarsh original painting. Please make an offer even if below the asking price. This painting is framed and is a vintage painting of the artist\'s work using mixed media. The FRAME is imperfect and has various marks, dents, scratches, etc. The frame is part of the sale in order to protect the original work during shipping. Local pick up is actually the best option. We are located near La Jolla, California, in San Diego County and will meet you to allow inspection of the painting and pick up locally if that is possible.This painting is signed in the paint in the bottom left corner (see photos). The reverse of the painting has the painting\'s title \"Figure Language\". Original abstract painting, formerly in the collection of a large American Corporation. Brief Artist Biography: Mark Whitmash was born in Denver Colorado and studied art atthe University of Wyoming and the Rocky Mountain School of Art and Design,Denver.

Mark is known to work on paper and canvas and use mixed mediums – for example,oils, acrylics, water colors, and pastels.

Mark’s work has been shown in publications such as ArtNetEncyclopedia, Art in America, Dallas Observer, Encyclopedia of Living Artists,and Southwest Art Magazine.

Mark Whitmarsh is a recognized artist and you can find additional information on him on google.

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The actual canvas measures 40 x 44 inches and the outside dimensions of the frame are 45 1/2 x 49 1/2 inches. The painting is mixed media with original paper clippings used with the oil paint on stretched canvas. Please inspect photos carefully.

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Abstract art From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Robert Delaunay, 1912-13, Le Premier Disque, 134 cm (52.7 in.), Private collection.

Abstract art uses a visual language of form, color and line to create a composition which may exist with a degree of independence from visual references in the world.[1] Western art had been, from the Renaissance up to the middle of the 19th century, underpinned by the logic of perspective and an attempt to reproduce an illusion of visible reality. The arts of cultures other than the European had become accessible and showed alternative ways of describing visual experience to the artist. By the end of the 19th century many artists felt a need to create a new kind of art which would encompass the fundamental changes taking place in technology, science and philosophy. The sources from which individual artists drew their theoretical arguments were diverse, and reflected the social and intellectual preoccupations in all areas of Western culture at that time.[2]

Abstract art, nonfigurative art, nonobjective art, and nonrepresentational art are loosely related terms. They are similar, but perhaps not of identical meaning.

Abstraction indicates a departure from reality in depiction of imagery in art. This departure from accurate representation can be slight, partial, or complete. Abstraction exists along a continuum. Even art that aims for verisimilitude of the highest degree can be said to be abstract, at least theoretically, since perfect representation is likely to be exceedingly elusive. Artwork which takes liberties, altering for instance color and form in ways that are conspicuous, can be said to be partially abstract. Total abstraction bears no trace of any reference to anything recognizable. In geometric abstraction, for instance, one is unlikely to find references to naturalistic entities. Figurative art and total abstraction are almost mutually exclusive. But figurative and representational (or realistic) art often contains partial abstraction.

Both geometric abstraction and lyrical abstraction are often totally abstract. Among the very numerous art movements that embody partial abstraction would be for instance fauvism in which color is conspicuously and deliberately altered vis-a-vis reality, and cubism, which blatantly alters the forms of the real life entities depicted.[3][4]

Contents
  • 1 History
    • 1.1 Abstraction in early art and many cultures
    • 1.2 19th century
    • 1.3 20th century
    • 1.4 Music
    • 1.5 Russian avant-garde
    • 1.6 The Bauhaus
    • 1.7 Abstraction in Paris and London
    • 1.8 America: mid-century
  • 2 Abstraction in the 21st century
  • 3 Causation
  • 4 Gallery
  • 5 See also
  • 6 References
  • 7 Sources
  • 8 External links
HistoryMain articles: History of painting and Western paintingAbstraction in early art and many culturesMain articles: Prehistoric art and Eastern art history

Much of the art of earlier cultures – signs and marks on pottery, textiles, and inscriptions and paintings on rock – were simple, geometric and linear forms which might have had a symbolic or decorative purpose.[5] It is at this level of visual meaning that abstract art communicates. One can enjoy the beauty of Chinese calligraphy or Islamic calligraphy without being able to read it.

19th centuryMain articles: Romanticism, Impressionism, Post-Impressionism and Expressionism

Three art movements which contributed to the development of abstract art were Romanticism, Impressionism and Expressionism. Artistic independence for artists was advanced during the 19th century. Patronage from the church diminished and private patronage from the public became more capable of providing a livelihood for artists.[citation needed]

James McNeill Whistler, Nocturne in Black and Gold: The Falling Rocket (1874), Detroit Institute of Arts. A near abstraction, in 1877 Whistler sued the art critic John Ruskin for libel after the critic condemned this painting. Ruskin accused Whistler of \"ask[ing] two hundred guineas for throwing a pot of paint in the public\'s face.\" [6][7]

Early intimations of a new art had been made by James McNeill Whistler who, in his painting Nocturne in Black and Gold: The falling Rocket, (1872), placed greater emphasis on visual sensation than the depiction of objects. An objective interest in what is seen, can be discerned from the paintings of John Constable, J M W Turner, Camille Corot and from them to the Impressionists who continued the plein air painting of the Barbizon school. Paul Cézanne had begun as an Impressionist but his aim - to make a logical construction of reality based on a view from a single point,[8] with modulated colour in flat areas - became the basis of a new visual art, later to be developed into Cubism by Georges Braque and Pablo Picasso.

Expressionist painters explored the bold use of paint surface, drawing distortions and exaggerations, and intense color. Expressionists produced emotionally charged paintings that were reactions to and perceptions of contemporary experience; and reactions to Impressionism and other more conservative directions of late 19th-century painting. The Expressionists drastically changed the emphasis on subject matter in favor of the portrayal of psychological states of being. Although artists like Edvard Munch and James Ensor drew influences principally from the work of the Post-Impressionists they were instrumental to the advent of abstraction in the 20th century.

Henri Matisse, The Yellow Curtain, 1915. With his Fauvist color and drawing Matisse comes very close to pure abstraction.

Additionally in the late 19th century in Eastern Europe mysticism and early modernist religious philosophy as expressed by theosophist Mme. Blavatsky had a profound impact on pioneer geometric artists like Wassily Kandinsky, and Hilma af Klint. The mystical teaching of Georges Gurdjieff and P.D. Ouspensky also had an important influence on the early formations of the geometric abstract styles of Piet Mondrian and his colleagues in the early 20th century.[9]

20th centuryMain articles: Western painting, Fauvism and Cubism

Post Impressionism as practiced by Paul Gauguin, Georges Seurat, Vincent van Gogh and Paul Cézanne had an enormous impact on 20th-century art and led to the advent of 20th-century abstraction. The heritage of painters like Van Gogh, Cézanne, Gauguin, and Seurat was essential for the development of modern art. At the beginning of the 20th century Henri Matisse and several other young artists including the pre-cubist Georges Braque, André Derain, Raoul Dufy and Maurice de Vlaminck revolutionized the Paris art world with \"wild\", multi-colored, expressive, landscapes and figure paintings that the critics called Fauvism. With his expressive use of color and his free and imaginative drawing Henri Matisse comes very close to pure abstraction in French Window at Collioure, (1914), View of Notre-Dame, (1914), and The Yellow Curtain from 1915. The raw language of color as developed by the Fauves directly influenced another pioneer of abstraction Wassily Kandinsky (see illustration).

Although Cubism ultimately depends upon subject matter, it became, along with Fauvism, the art movement that directly opened the door to abstraction in the 20th century. Pablo Picasso made his first cubist paintings based on Cézanne\'s idea that all depiction of nature can be reduced to three solids: cube, sphere and cone. With the painting Les Demoiselles d\'Avignon 1907, Picasso dramatically created a new and radical picture depicting a raw and primitive brothel scene with five prostitutes, violently painted women, reminiscent of African tribal masks and his own new Cubist inventions. Analytic cubism was jointly developed by Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque, from about 1908 through 1912. Analytic cubism, the first clear manifestation of cubism, was followed by Synthetic cubism, practised by Braque, Picasso, Fernand Léger, Juan Gris, Albert Gleizes, Marcel Duchamp and countless other artists into the 1920s. Synthetic cubism is characterized by the introduction of different textures, surfaces, collage elements, papier collé and a large variety of merged subject matter. The collage artists like Kurt Schwitters and Man Ray and others taking the clue from Cubism were instrumental to the development of the movement called Dada.

František Kupka, Amorpha, Fugue en deux couleurs (Fugue in Two Colors), 1912, oil on canvas, 210 x 200 cm, Narodni Galerie, Prague. Published in Au Salon d\'Automne \"Les Indépendants\" 1912, Exhibited at the 1912 Salon d\'Automne, Paris.Robert Delaunay, 1912, Windows Open Simultaneously (First Part, Third Motif), oil on canvas, 45.7 x 37.5 cm, Tate Modern

The Italian poet Marinetti published \'The Founding and Manifesto of Futurism\' in 1909, which inspired artists such as Carlo Carra in, Painting of Sounds, Noises and Smells and Umberto Boccioni Train in Motion, 1911, to a further stage of abstraction and profoundly influenced art movements throughout Europe.[10]

During the 1912 Salon de la Section d\'Or the poet Guillaume Apollinaire named the work of several artists including Robert and Sonia Delaunay, Orphism.[11] He defined it as, the art of painting new structures out of elements that have not been borrowed from the visual sphere, but had been created entirely by the artist...it is a pure art.[12]

Since the turn of the century cultural connections between artists of the major European and American cities had become extremely active as they strove to create an art form equal to the high aspirations of modernism. Ideas were able to cross-fertilize by means of artists books, exhibitions and manifestos so that many sources were open to experimentation and discussion, and formed a basis for a diversity of modes of abstraction. The following extract from,\'The World Backwards\', gives some impression of the inter-connectedness of culture at the time: \'David Burliuk\'s knowledge of modern art movements must have been extremely up-to-date, for the second Knave of Diamonds exhibition, held in January 1912 (in Moscow) included not only paintings sent from Munich, but some members of the German Die Brücke group, while from Paris came work by Robert Delaunay, Henri Matisse and Fernand Léger, as well as Picasso. During the Spring David Burliuk gave two lectures on cubism and planned a polemical publication, which the Knave of Diamonds was to finance. He went abroad in May and came back determined to rival the almanac Der Blaue Reiter which had emerged from the printers while he was in Germany\'.

From 1909 to 1913 many experimental works in the search for this \'pure art\' had been created: Francis Picabia painted Caoutchouc, 1909,[13] The Spring, 1912,[14] Dances at the Spring[15] and The Procession, Seville, 1912;[16] Wassily Kandinsky painted Untitled (First Abstract Watercolor), 1910,[17] Improvisation 21A, the Impression series, and Picture with a Circle (1911);[18] František Kupka had painted the Orphist works, Discs of Newton (Study for Fugue in Two Colors), 1912[19] and Amorpha, Fugue en deux couleurs (Fugue in Two Colors), 1912; Robert Delaunay painted a series entitled Simultaneous Windows and Formes Circulaires, Soleil n°2 (1912–13);[20] Léopold Survage created Colored Rhythm (Study for the film), 1913;[21] Piet Mondrian, painted Tableau No. 1 and Composition No. 11, 1913.[22]

Wassily Kandinsky, On White 2, 1923

And the search continued: The Rayist (Luchizm) drawings of Natalia Goncharova and Mikhail Larionov, used lines like rays of light to make a construction. Kasimir Malevich completed his first entirely abstract work, the Suprematist, \'Black Square\', in 1915. Another of the Suprematist group\' Liubov Popova, created the Architectonic Constructions and Spatial Force Constructions between 1916 and 1921. Piet Mondrian was evolving his abstract language, of horizontal and vertical lines with rectangles of colour, between 1915 and 1919, Neo-Plasticism was the aesthetic which Mondrian, Theo van Doesburg and other in the group De Stijl intended to reshape the Environment of the future.

Music

As visual art becomes more abstract, it develops some characteristics of music: an art form which uses the abstract elements of sound and divisions of time. Wassily Kandinsky, himself a musician, was inspired by the possibility of marks and associative color resounding in the soul. The idea had been put forward by Charles Baudelaire, that all our senses respond to various stimuli but the senses are connected at a deeper aesthetic level.

Closely related to this, is the idea that art has The spiritual dimension and can transcend \'every-day\' experience, reaching a spiritual plane. The Theosophical Society popularised the ancient wisdom of the sacred books of India and China in the early years of the century. It was in this context that Piet Mondrian, Wassily Kandinsky, Hilma af Klint and other artists working towards an \'objectless state\' became interested in the occult as a way of creating an \'inner\' object. The universal and timeless shapes found in geometry: the circle, square and triangle become the spatial elements in abstract art; they are, like color, fundamental systems underlying visible reality.

Russian avant-gardeKazimir Malevich, Black Square, 1915, The Russian MuseumMain articles: Russian avant-garde and Futurism (art)

Many of the abstract artists in Russia became Constructivists believing that art was no longer something remote, but life itself. The artist must become a technician, learning to use the tools and materials of modern production. Art into life! was Vladimir Tatlin\'s slogan, and that of all the future Constructivists. Varvara Stepanova and Alexandre Exter and others abandoned easel painting and diverted their energies to theatre design and graphic works. On the other side stood Kazimir Malevich, Anton Pevsner and Naum Gabo. They argued that art was essentially a spiritual activity; to create the individual\'s place in the world, not to organise life in a practical, materialistic sense. Many of those who were hostile to the materialist production idea of art left Russia. Anton Pevsner went to France, Gabo went first to Berlin, then to England and finally to America. Kandinsky studied in Moscow then left for the Bauhaus. By the mid-1920s the revolutionary period (1917 to 1921) when artists had been free to experiment was over; and by the 1930s only socialist realism was allowed.[23]

The Bauhaus

The Bauhaus at Weimar, Germany was founded in 1919 by Walter Gropius.[24] The philosophy underlying the teaching program was unity of all the visual and plastic arts from architecture and painting to weaving and stained glass. This philosophy had grown from the ideas of the Arts and Crafts movement in England and the Deutscher Werkbund. Among the teachers were Paul Klee, Wassily Kandinsky, Johannes Itten, Josef Albers, Anni Albers, Theo van Doesburg and László Moholy-Nagy. In 1925 the school was moved to Dessau and, as the Nazi party gained control in 1932, The Bauhaus was closed. In 1937 an exhibition of degenerate art, \'Entartete Kunst\' contained all types of avant-garde art disapproved of by the Nazi party. Then the exodus began: not just from the Bauhaus but from Europe in general; to Paris, London and America. Paul Klee went to Switzerland but many of the artists at the Bauhaus went to America.

Abstraction in Paris and LondonKurt Schwitters, Das Undbild, 1919, Staatsgalerie Stuttgart

During the 1930s Paris became the host to artists from Russia, Germany, Holland and other European countries affected by the rise of totalitarianism. Sophie Tauber and Jean Arp collaborated on paintings and sculpture using organic/geometric forms. The Polish Katarzyna Kobro applied mathematically based ideas to sculpture. The many types of abstraction now in close proximity led to attempts by artists to analyse the various conceptual and aesthetic groupings. An exhibition by forty-six members of the Cercle et Carré group organised by Michel Seuphor [25] contained work by the Neo-Plasticists as well as abstractionists as varied as Kandinsky, Anton Pevsner and Kurt Schwitters. Criticised by Theo van Doesburg to be too indefinite a collection he published the journal Art Concret setting out a manifesto defining an abstract art in which the line, color and surface only, are the concrete reality.[26] Abstraction-Création founded in 1931 as a more open group, provided a point of reference for abstract artists, as the political situation worsened in 1935, and artists again regrouped, many in London. The first exhibition of British abstract art was held in England in 1935. The following year the more international Abstract and Concrete exhibition was organised by Nicolete Gray including work by Piet Mondrian, Joan Miró, Barbara Hepworth and Ben Nicholson. Hepworth, Nicholson and Gabo moved to the St. Ives group in Cornwall to continue their \'constructivist\' work.[27]

America: mid-centuryMain articles: Modernism, Late modernism, American Modernism and SurrealismThe above is a 1939–42 oil on canvas painting by Mondrian titled \"Composition No. 10\". Responding to it, fellow De Stijl artist Theo van Doesburg suggested a link between non-representational works of art and ideals of peace and spirituality.[28]

During the Nazi rise to power in the 1930s many artists fled Europe to the United States. By the early 1940s the main movements in modern art, expressionism, cubism, abstraction, surrealism, and dada were represented in New York: Marcel Duchamp, Fernand Léger, Piet Mondrian, Jacques Lipchitz, André Masson, Max Ernst, André Breton, were just a few of the exiled Europeans who arrived in New York.[29] The rich cultural influences brought by the European artists were distilled and built upon by local New York painters. The climate of freedom in New York allowed all of these influences to flourish. The art galleries that primarily had focused on European art began to notice the local art community and the work of younger American artists who had begun to mature. Certain of these artists became distinctly abstract in their mature work. During this period Piet Mondrian\'s painting Composition No. 10, 1939-1942, characterized by primary colors, white ground and black grid lines clearly defined his radical but classical approach to the rectangle and abstract art in general. Some artists of the period defied categorization, such as Georgia O\'Keeffe who, while a modernist abstractionist, was a pure maverick in that she painted highly abstract forms while not joining any specific group of the period. Eventually American artists who were working in a great diversity of styles began to coalesce into cohesive stylistic groups. The best known group of American artists became known as the Abstract expressionists and the New York School. In New York City there was an atmosphere which encouraged discussion and there was new opportunity for learning and growing. Artists and teachers John D. Graham and Hans Hofmann became important bridge figures between the newly arrived European Modernists and the younger American artists coming of age. Mark Rothko, born in Russia, began with strongly surrealist imagery which later dissolved into his powerful color compositions of the early 1950s. The expressionistic gesture and the act of painting itself, became of primary importance to Jackson Pollock and Franz Kline. While during the 1940s Arshile Gorky\'s and Willem de Kooning\'s figurative work evolved into abstraction by the end of the decade. New York City became the center, and artists worldwide gravitated towards it; from other places in America as well.[30]

Abstraction in the 21st centuryMain articles: Abstract expressionism, Color field, Lyrical abstraction, Post-painterly abstraction, Sculpture and Minimal art

A commonly held idea is that pluralism characterizes art at the beginning of the 21st century. There is no consensus, nor need there be, as to a representative style of the age. There is an anything goes attitude that prevails; an \"everything going on\", and consequently \"nothing going on\" syndrome; this creates an aesthetic traffic jam with no firm and clear direction and with every lane on the artistic superhighway filled to capacity. Consequently magnificent and important works of art continue to be made albeit in a wide variety of styles and aesthetic temperaments, the marketplace being left to judge merit.

Digital art, computer art, internet art, hard-edge painting, geometric abstraction, appropriation, hyperrealism, photorealism, expressionism, minimalism, lyrical abstraction, pop art, op art, abstract expressionism, color field painting, monochrome painting, neo-expressionism, collage, decollage, intermedia, assemblage, digital painting, postmodern art, neo-Dada painting, shaped canvas painting, Environmental mural painting, graffiti, figure painting, landscape painting, portrait painting, are a few continuing and current directions at the beginning of the 21st century.

Into the 21st century abstraction remains very much in view, its main themes: the transcendental, the contemplative and the timeless are exempified by Barnett Newman, John McLaughlin, and Agnes Martin as well as younger living artists. Art as Object as seen in the Minimalist sculpture of Donald Judd and the paintings of Frank Stella are still seen today in newer permutations. The poetic, Lyrical Abstraction and the sensuous use of color seen in the work of painters as diverse as Robert Motherwell, Patrick Heron, Kenneth Noland, Sam Francis, Cy Twombly, Richard Diebenkorn, Helen Frankenthaler, Joan Mitchell, among others.

There was a resurgence after the war and into the 1950s of the figurative, as neo-Dada, fluxus, happening, conceptual art, neo-expressionism, installation art, performance art, video art and pop art have come to signify the age of consumerism. The distinction between abstract and figurative art has, over the last twenty years, become less defined leaving a wider range of ideas for all artists.

Causation

One socio-historical explanation that has been offered for the growing prevalence of the abstract in modern art – an explanation linked to the name of Theodor W. Adorno – is that such abstraction is a response to, and a reflection of, the growing abstraction of social relations in industrial society.[31]

Frederic Jameson similarly sees modernist abstraction as a function of the abstract power of money, equating all things equally as exchange-values.[32] The social content of abstract art is then precisely the abstract nature of social existence – legal formalities, bureaucratic impersonalisation, information/power – in the world of late modernity.[33]

Post-Jungians by contrast would see the quantum theories with their disintegration of conventional ideas of form and matter as underlying the divorce of the concrete and the abstract in modern art.[34]

Gallery

  • Albert Gleizes, 1910–12, Les Arbres (The Trees), oil on canvas, 41 x 27cm. Reproduced in Du \"Cubisme\", 1912

  • Arthur Dove, 1911–12, Based on Leaf Forms and Spaces, pastel on unidentified support. Now lost

  • Francis Picabia, 1912, Tarentelle, oil on canvas, 73.6 x 92.1cm, Museum of Modern Art, New York. Reproduced in Du \"Cubisme\"

  • Wassily Kandinsky, 1912, Improvisation 27 (Garden of Love II), oil on canvas, 47 3/8 x 55 1/4 in. (120.3 x 140.3cm), The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. Exhibited at the 1913 Armory Show

  • Pablo Picasso, 1913–14, Head (Tête), cut and pasted colored paper, gouache and charcoal on paperboard, 43.5 x 33cm, Scottish National Gallery of Modern Art, Edinburgh

  • Henri Matisse, 1914, French Window at Collioure, Centre Georges Pompidou, Paris

  • Joseph Csaky, Deux figures, 1920, relief, limestone, polychrome, 80cm, Kröller-Müller Museum, Otterlo

  • Albert Gleizes, 1921, Composition bleu et jaune (Composition jaune), oil on canvas, 200.5 x 110cm

  • Paul Klee, Fire in the Evening, 1929

  • Barnett Newman, Onement 1, 1948, Museum of Modern Art, New York

  • Fernand Léger 1919, The Railway Crossing, oil on canvas, 53.8 x 64.8cm, The Art Institute of Chicago

  • Theo van Doesburg, Neo-Plasticism: 1917, Composition VII (the three graces)

See also
  • Abstract expressionism
  • Abstraction in art
  • Action painting
  • American Abstract Artists
  • Art history
  • Art periods
  • Asemic writing
  • Concrete art
  • De Stijl
  • Geometric of painting
  • Lyrical abstraction
  • Op Art
  • Piet (programming language), an esoteric programming language whose programs are bitmaps that appear as abstract art, named after the Dutch painter, Piet Mondrian
  • Representation painting
References
  1. Rudolph Arnheim, Visual Thinking
  2. Mel Gooding, Abstract Art, Tate Publishing, London, 2000
  3. \"Abstract Art - What Is Abstract Art or Abstract Painting, retrieved January 7, 2009\". Painting.about.com. 2011-06-07. Archived from the original on 7 July 2011. Retrieved 2011-06-11.
  4. \"Themes in American Art - Abstraction, retrieved January 7, 2009\". Nga.gov. 2000-07-27. Archived from the original on 8 June 2011. Retrieved 2011-06-11.
  5. György Kepes, Sign, Symbol and Image
  6. Whistler versus Ruskin, Princeton edu. Retrieved June 13, 2010
  7. From the Tate, retrieved April 12, 2009
  8. Herbert Read, A Concise History of Modern Art, Thames and Hudson
  9. \"Hilton Kramer, \"Mondrian & mysticism: My long search is over\", \'\'New Criterion\'\', September 1995\". Newcriterion.com. Retrieved 2012-02-26.
  10. Caroline Tisdall and Angelo Bozzolla, Futurism, Thames and Hudson,1977
  11. La Section d\'or, 1912-1920-1925, Cécile Debray, Françoise Lucbert, Musées de Châteauroux, Musée Fabre, exhibition catalogue, Éditions Cercle d\'art, Paris, 2000
  12. Harrison and Wood, Art in theory, 1900-2000, Wiley-Blackwell, 2003, p. 189. ISBN 978-0-631-22708-3.[link removed by ]
  13. \"Francis Picabia, Caoutchouc, 1909, MNAM, Paris\". Francispicabia.org. Retrieved 2013-09-29.
  14. \"Museum of Modern Art, New York, Francis Picabia, \'\'The Spring\'\', 1912\". Moma.org. Retrieved 2013-09-29.
  15. \"MoMA, New York, Francis Picabia, \'\'Dances at the Spring\'\', 1912\". Moma.org. Retrieved 2013-09-29.
  16. \"National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC., Francis Picabia, The Procession, Seville, 1912\". Nga.gov. Retrieved 2013-09-29.
  17. Stan Rummel (2007-12-13). \"Wassily Kandinsky, \'\'Untitled\'\' (First Abstract Watercolor), 1910\". Faculty.txwes.edu. Retrieved 2013-09-29.
  18. \"The Fiftieth Anniversary of the Guggenheim Museum, Kandinsky Retrospective, Guggenheim Museum, New York, 2009\" (PDF). Retrieved 2013-09-29.
  19. \"Philadelphia Museum of Art, Disks of Newton (Study for \"Fugue in Two Colors\") 1912\". Philamuseum.org. Retrieved 2013-09-29.
  20. \"Musée National d\'Art Moderne, Centre Georges Pompidou, Paris, Robert Delaunay, \'\'Formes Circulaires, Soleil n°2\'\' (1912-13)\" (in French). Centrepompidou.fr. Retrieved 2013-09-29.
  21. \"Museum of Modern Art, New York, Léopold Survage, Colored Rhythm (Study for the film) 1913\". Moma.org. 1914-07-15. Retrieved 2013-09-29.
  22. \"Rijksmuseum Kröller-Müller, Otterlo, Holland, Piet Mondrian, 1913\". Kmm.nl. Retrieved 2013-09-29.
  23. Camilla Gray, The Russian Experiment in Art, 1863-1922, Thames and Hudson, 1962
  24. Walter Gropius et al., Bauhaus 1919-1928, Museum of Modern Art, 1938
  25. Michel Seuphor, Abstract Painting
  26. Anna Moszynska, Abstract Art, p.104, Thames and Hudson, 1990
  27. Anna Moszynska, Abstract Art, Thames and Hudson, 1990
  28. Utopian Reality: Reconstructing Culture in Revolutionary Russia and Beyond; Christina Lodder, Maria Kokkori, Maria Mileeva; BRILL, Oct 24, 2013 \"Van Doesburg stated that the purpose of art was to imbue man with those positive spiritual qualities that were needed in order to overcome the dominance of the physical and create the conditions for putting an end to wars. In an enthusiastic essay on Wassily Kandinsky he had written about the dialogue between the artist and the viewer, and the role of art as \'the educator of our inner life, the educator of our hearts and minds\'. Van Doesburg subsequently adopted the view that the spiritual in man is nurtured specifically by abstract art, which he later described as \'pure thought, which does not signify a concept derived from natural phenomena but which is contained in numbers, measures, relationships, and abstract lines\'. In his response to Piet Mondrian\'s Composition 10, Van Doesburg linked peace and the spiritual to a non-representational work of art, asserting that \'it produces a most spiritual impression…the impression of repose: the repose of the soul\'.\"
  29. Gillian Naylor, The Bauhaus, Studio Vista, 1968
  30. Henry Geldzahler, New York Painting and Sculpture: 1940–1970, Metropolitan Museum of Modern Art, 1969
  31. David Cunningham, \'Asceticism Against Colour\', in New Formations 55 (2005) p. 110
  32. M. Hardt/K. Weeks eds., The Jameson Reader (2000) p. 272
  33. Cunningham, p. 114
  34. Aniella Jaffe, in C. G. Jung ed., Man and his Symbols (1978) p. 303 and p. 288-9
Sources
  1. ^ Compton, Susan (1978). The World Backwards: Russian Futurist Books 1912-16. The British Library. ISBN0-7141-0396-9.
  2. ^ Stangos, Nikos (editor) (1981). Concepts of Modern Art. Thames and Hudson. ISBN0-500-20186-2.
  3. ^ Gooding, Mel (2001). Abstract Art (Movements in Modern Art series). Tate Publishing. ISBN1-85437-302-1.
External linksWikimedia Commons has media related to Abstract art.
  • The term \"Abstraction\" spoken about at Museum of Modern Art by Nelson Goodman of Grove Art Online
  • American Abstract Artists
  • Non Figurative Art explained
Categories:
  • Art movements
  • Modern art
  • Abstract art
  • Painting

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Authenticity of any antique or painting isnot guaranteed. To the best of our knowledge the items are as we state they are,however our statements are non-expert opinions only.In case of damage during shipment, retain all packing materials as theinsurance may require an inspection of the packaging as part of the coverageprocess.

***

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Standard information placed on all our sales below:

Our shipping fees are averaged and stated on the sale asa flat rate for the convenience of our customers. We incur costs for drivingthe item to the shipping point (often one item on a given day as we shippromptly), and packaging costs in addition to postage charges. Please also remember that both andPayPal take commission on shipping fees of about 12– 15%. Shipping of large framed art is difficult andwe thank you for your understanding.

WE WILL COMBINE ITEMS TO SAVE ON SHIPPING IF YOU BUY MORE THAN ONE ITEM(if possible given the type of items, and size of items, etc.)

Payment is due within 2 days of sale.

FREE LOCAL PICK UP AT OUR SECURE PROFESSIONAL OFFICES INDALLAS, TEXAS, is always available.

We usually allow returns within 14 days of receipt of theitem, but shipping charges (both the charge to ship you the item and the chargefor you to return it) for any returns are the buyer\'s sole responsibility.Refund of item cost will usually be processed upon receipt of returned itemsent at buyer\'s expense.

Thank you very much for your business; we appreciate ourcustomers.

HERE IS AN EXPLANATION OF THE FEES WE HAVE TO PAY ANDPAYPAL THAT BUYERS NEVER SEE: When evaluating our prices and offers, pleasekeep in mind that takes roughly 9-11% of the gross sales price includingshipping costs in commission, plus additional insertion fees almost every timeyou list an item even if it does not sell.And, PayPal takes additional commissions and – or fees.

SHIPPING FINE PRINT RELATED TORURAL AMERICAN CUSTOMERS AND INTERNATIONAL POTENTIAL CUSTOMERS:

RURAL USA CUSTOMERS:

The flat shipping charge on the listing is only for shippingto the 48 contiguous U.S. States in non-rural /non-remote areas. Also, our shipping charges areESTIMATES. We reserve the right to askbuyer to make up the difference as outlined here. The reason for this is UPS charges can bevastly different for rural vs. non-rural areas, and depending on distance fromour location. In addition, rates chargedby UPS, USPS, etc., for shipping change frequently.

Regardless of stated shipping charges, if you live in anarea that is much higher than the flat cost stated on the sale we reservethe right to ask for the actual shipping cost and the buyer can decide at thatpoint whether to continue. In the event of unusually high shipping costs toyour location, if you do not wish to pay the actual shipping costs, we willsimply cancel the transaction at that point.

We will usually ship via USPS to remote rural Americanlocations, and shipping must be agreed to and paid by the buyer at the actualcost for USPS shipping to remote rural locations first prior to sending theitem. We will help make sure you getyour item and are happy to help determine the actual shipping charge to yourremote location.

INTERNATIONAL POTENTIAL buyers/ SHIPPING: WE SHIP INTERNATIONALLY AT OUR SOLE DISCRETION AND ON A CASE BYCASE EVALUATED BASIS. As weare sure you understand, this is due to the high rate of issues (i.e. potentialbuyer Fraud) encountered with sales to various international locations.

INTERNATIONAL POTENTIALCUSTOMERS: We will only accept international buyers subject to ourcase by case evaluation of the transaction and other details involvinginternational potential customers, payment due within 2 days via PayPal, and wemust ship all items to a valid PayPal confirmed PayPal shipping address coveredby PayPal sellers’ protection policy only.Please carefully evaluate the high costs of international shipping priorto offerding.

International Shipping is estimated on the sale and ifthe estimated price is not close to the actual shipping charge theinternational buyer will be requested to pay the actual shipping charge to thebuyer’s location prior to the item being shipped. The flat shipping charge onthe sale is only an estimate of international shipping to convenientlocations such as Canada and Mexico, and costs to your location may be muchhigher. At the sole discretion of seller, we may request the actual shippingcharge prior to completing the sale transaction and shipping the item toyour international location.

International shipping: Import duties, taxes, and anyadditional charges, are sometimes not included in the upfront shipping costsevaluation and are always the buyers’ responsibility solely, and internationalshipping can take a longtime. We must and will fill out all customs formsaccurately, honestly, and completely. When you buy from us, we will markcustoms forms correctly as “merchandise”, listing exactly what you purchased,and your exact sales price. We are notresponsible for internal customs forms or other bureaucratic requirements ofyour country’s customs departments beyond the forms required by the U.S. PostalService. Buyer is responsible for anyand all internal customs requirements of their own country outside of the USA. We are also not responsible if the customsdepartment in your country seizes, holds, delays, or otherwise interferes withyour purchase. Following insurance claimrequirements is also the responsibility of the buyer. We encourage you to vote for representativesthat do not promote interference with trade and high taxes.

DISCLAIMERS & OUR STANDARD LEGAL STUFF:

PLEASE BE CAREFUL OF SMALL PARTS AROUND CHILDREN ANDREMEMBER THAT ANTIQUES ARE FOR DECORATIVE PURPOSES ONLY AND SHOULD NOT BE USEDFOR FOOD CONSUMPTION OR OTHER MODERN-DAY USES WITHOUT PROPER TESTING, ETC. (ESPECIALLYTEST FOR LEAD BEFORE USING WITH FOOD) PLEASE USE EXTREME CARE WHEN UNPACKINGSHIPPED ITEMS AS BREAKAGE MAY OCCUR DURING TRANSIT AND BOXES MAY CONTAIN BROKENGLASS AND OTHER DANGEROUS PARTS DUE TO SHIPPING DAMAGE. IF YOU NOTICE BROKENPARTS / GLASS IN ANY BOX PLEASE CLOSE THE BOX IMMEDIATELY WITHOUT TOUCHING THECONTENTS AND RETURN IT TO US AS IS. NOWARRANTIES OR GUARANTEES, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, ARE PROVIDED ON ANY ITEM.ALL ITEMS SOLD AS IS AND SHOULD BE CAREFULLY EVALUATED FOR FLAWS, ETC., PRIORTO USE. FOLLOW ALL MANUFACTURERS\' GUIDELINES AND UNDERSTAND THAT USED ARTICLESMAY BE IN POOR CONDITION AND CONTAIN FLAWS, DANGEROUS CONDITIONS, ETC. USE ATYOUR OWN RISK. LIMITATION OF DAMAGES:BUYERS\' SOLE REMEDY SHALL BE A REFUND OF THE PURCHASE PRICE; SELLER IS NOTRESPONSIBLE FOR CONSEQUENTIAL OR ANY OTHER DAMAGES OF ANY KIND. PURCHASE OF ANYITEM FROM SELLER CONSTITUTES ACKNOWLEDGEMENT AND ACCEPTANCE OF THESE TERMS OFSALE IN THEIR ENTIRETY. PLEASE REMEMBERTHAT YOU CAN ALWAYS CONTACT US PERSONALLY IF YOU HAVE ANY PROBLEM. WE WOULD BEHAPPY TO COMMUNICATE WITH YOU PERSONALLY AND HAVE A POLICY OF USUALLY GIVING NOQUESTIONS ASKED REFUNDS. WE ARE SIMPLY SELLING FAMILY ITEMS ON - ALMOSTALWAYS AT A LOSS FROM OUR ORIGINAL PURCHASE PRICE. WE THANK YOU VERY MUCH FORYOUR BUSINESS.

WE USUALLY PROVIDE NO QUESTIONS ASKED REFUNDS ON ALLPURCHASES UNLESS THIS IS EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMED ON THE sale OF AN INDIVIDUALITEM.

PLEASE REFER BACK TO THE ORIGINAL OWNERS MANUALS OF ITEMSYOU PURCHASE FROM US, AND REMEMBER THAT SOMETIMES SUCH MANUALS AND DISCLAIMERSWILL NOT BE WITH THE ITEM YOU PURCHASED AS IT IS SECOND HAND. SUCH MANUALS ANDDISCLAIMERS ARE OFTEN AVAILABLE ON THE INTERNET AND YOU ARE HEREBY INFORMEDTHAT YOU SHOULD RESEARCH SUCH MANUALS AND DISCLAIMERS ON ANY USED ITEM YOUPURCHASE ON . USE AT YOUR OWN RISK AND BUY KNOWING THAT ORIGINAL PACKAGINGIS NOT INCLUDED, AND THAT PACKAGING MAY HAVE CONTAINED WARNINGS AND OTHERIMPORTANT INFORMATION YOU SHOULD AND MUST RESEARCH ON YOUR OWN.

Authenticity of any coin, antique, art work, painting,signature, print, media, designer item, etc. is not guaranteed. To the best ofour knowledge the items are as we state they are, however our statements arenon-expert opinions only, and we also usually provide no questions askedrefunds in almost all circumstances; contact us and please communicate if youare unhappy for any reason. Thank you.We are not experts at determining copyright or authenticity or potentialcounterfeits. We would never knowinglylist and/or sell any counterfeit item or any item that violates acopyright. If we have unknowinglyinfringed on copyright or innocently listed a counterfeit item, please contactus and we will remove the item immediately.We are often selling second hand items, of which we do not know thehistory, etc.

Colors vary on various monitors; if color is important to you, we encourageyou to look at items on various computer screens prior to purchase.

Framed antique or vintage art must be hung with care and oldwires and hanging materials need to be evaluated for safety by a professional priorto hanging, and sometimes need replacement as deemed necessary by yourprofessional picture framer and art hanging consultant. Consult your local professional framer andart installation expert and please make sure to hang your art safely andprofessionally. Seller is not responsiblefor any damage to art, property, individuals, etc., that occurs during the artinstallation or hanging process of buyer.For example, one should use extreme care hanging art in areas prone toearthquake, etc. or around children, or where people or pets sleep.

Art may be loose in the frame in order to allow inspectionof the reverse of the art. We alwaysrecommend that your purchase be examined by a framing expert and re-mounted,etc., prior to hanging by your professional art installation consultant.


Wikipedia on Figurative Art:


Figurative art From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Ein Meerhafen (\"A Seaport\"), a figurative landscape by the Austrian artist Johann Anton Eismann (1604–1698), which depicts buildings, people, ships, and other features that can be distinguished individually; by contrast, the abstract landscape below suggests its subject matter without directly representing figuresUntitled abstract expressionist landscape by the American artist Jay Meuser (1911–1963)

Figurative art, sometimes written as figurativism, describes artwork—particularly paintings and sculptures—that is clearly derived from real object sources, and are therefore by definition representational. \"Figurative art\" is often defined in contrast to abstract art:

Since the arrival of abstract art the term figurative has been used to refer to any form of modern art that retains strong references to the real world.[1]

Painting and sculpture can therefore be divided into the categories of figurative, representational and abstract, although, strictly speaking, abstract art is derived (or abstracted) from a figurative or other natural source. However, \"abstract\" is sometimes used as a synonym for non-representational art and non-objective art, i.e. art which has no derivation from figures or objects.

Figurative art is not synonymous with \"art that represents the human figure,\" although human and animal figures are frequent subjects.

Contents
  • 1 Formal elements
  • 2 Evolution
  • 3 Examples
  • 4 See also
  • 5 Notes and references
Formal elementsNude study (1896) by Kenyon Cox, an advocate of figurative art

The formal elements, those aesthetic effects created by design, upon which figurative art is dependent, include line, shape, color, light and dark, mass, volume, texture, and perspective,[2] although it should be pointed out that these elements of design could also play a role in creating other types of imagery -- for instance abstract, or non-representational or non-objective two-dimensional artwork. The difference is that in figurative art these elements are deployed to create an impression or illusion of form and space, and, usually, to create emphasis in the narrative portrayed.

EvolutionJacques-Louis David. Oath of the Horatii, 1784

Figurative art is itself based upon a tacit understanding of abstracted shapes: the figure sculpture of Greek antiquity was not naturalistic, for its forms were idealized and geometric.[3] Ernst Gombrich referred to the strictures of this schematic imagery, the adherence to that which was already known, rather than that which is seen, as the \"Egyptian method\", an allusion to the memory-based clarity of imagery in Egyptian art.[4] Eventually idealization gave way to observation, and a figurative art which balanced ideal geometry with greater realism was seen in Classical sculpture by 480 B.C.[3] The Greeks referred to the reliance on visual observation as mimesis. Until the time of the Impressionists, figurative art was characterized by attempts to reconcile these opposing principles.[4]

From the early Renaissance, Mannerism and the Baroque through 18th-, 19th- and 20th-century painting Figurative art has steadily broadened its parameters. Nicolas Poussin (1594-1665), a French painter in the classical style whose work predominantly features clarity, logic, and order, and favors line over color; served as an alternative to the more narrative Baroque style of the 17th century. He was a major inspiration for such classically-oriented artists as Jacques-Louis David, Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres and Paul Cézanne. The rise of the Neoclassical art of Jacques-Louis David ultimately engendered the realistic reactions of Gustave Courbet and Édouard Manet leading to the multi-faceted figurative art of the 20th century.

Examples

Figurative art of the individual human form

  • Ancient Roman woman on a balcony (9–14 CE), Getty Villa

  • Ingres, The Valpinçon Bather (1808), Louvre

  • Paul Cézanne, Bather (1885-1887), Museum of Modern Art

  • Van Gogh, On the Threshold of Eternity (1890), Kröller-Müller Museum

  • Jacek Malczewski, winged lion Chimera (1906), National Museum, Warsaw

  • Matisse, Blue Nude (Souvenir de Biskra) (1907), Baltimore Museum of Art

  • Raymond Duchamp-Villon, Femme assise (1914), plaster

  • Ian Hornak, Marcia Sewing, Variation III (1978), Museum of Fine Arts, Boston

Groups of human figures

  • Ancient Egyptian painting

  • Giotto, The Lamentation (c. 1305), Scrovegni Chapel

  • Kamāl ud-Dīn Behzād, The construction of castle Khornaq in al-Hira (c. 1494-1495)

  • El Greco, The Opening of the Fifth Seal (1608-1614), Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City

  • Rubens, Judgement of Paris (c. 1636), National Gallery, London

  • Poussin, Et in Arcadia ego (Les Bergers d’Arcadie) (late 1630s), Louvre

  • Delacroix, The Barque of Dante (1822), Louvre

  • Courbet, A Burial at Ornans (1849-1850), Musee d\'Orsay, Paris

  • Édouard Manet, The Old Musician (1862), National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC

  • Degas, Ballet Rehearsal (1873), Fogg Art Museum, Cambridge, Massachusetts

  • Renoir, Dance at Le Moulin de la Galette (Bal du moulin de la Galette) (1876), Musée d\'Orsay

  • Eakins, The Swimming Hole (1884-5), Amon Carter Museum, Fort Worth, Texas

  • Auguste Rodin, The three shades (Les Trois Ombres), for the top of The Gates of Hell (before 1886)

  • Paul Gauguin, The Midday Nap (1894)

  • Picasso Les Demoiselles d\'Avignon (1907), Museum of Modern Art

  • Henri Matisse, The Dance I (1909), Museum of Modern Art

  • Albert Gleizes, Les Baigneuses (The Bathers) (1912)

  • John French Sloan, McSorley\'s Bar (1912), Detroit Institute of Arts

  • Ernst Kirchner, Berlin Street (1913)

  • George Bellows, Dempsey and Firpo (1924), Whitney Museum of American Art

See also
  • Abstract art
  • Neofigurative Art
  • Stuckism
Notes and references
  1. Tate. \"Glossary:Figurative\". Retrieved 21 October 2012.
  2. Adams, Laurie Schneider, The Methodologies of Art, pages 17-19. Westview Press, 1996,
  3. Clark, Kenneth, The Nude: A Study in Ideal Form, pages 31-2. Princeton University Press, 1990.
  4. The Gombrich Archive: Press statement on The Story of Art
Categories:
  • Figurative art

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